{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T12:45:56Z","timestamp":1700570756997},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,14]],"date-time":"2012-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1334361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>3\u2010Nitropropionic acid (3\u2010NPA) is a mitochondrial toxin used in the laboratory to replicate neurodegenerative conditions that are accompanied by degeneration of the caudate\u2010putamen. 3\u2010NPA induces depletion in ATP production, reactive oxygen species production, and secondary excitotoxicity mediated by activation of N\u2010methyl\u2010D\u2010aspartate receptors that culminates in the triggering of cell death mechanisms, including apoptosis. We here examined by immunohistochemical methods whether cellular expression of phospho<jats:sup>Ser1981<\/jats:sup>\u2010ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), phospho<jats:sup>Ser15<\/jats:sup>\u2010p53, phospho<jats:sup>Ser473<\/jats:sup>\u2010Akt, and phospho<jats:sup>Ser9<\/jats:sup>\u2010glycogen synthase kinase\u20103\u03b2 (GSK3\u03b2), which are key signal molecules that play a critical role in regulating cellular processes related to cell survival and demise, were involved in the striatal neurodegeneration in the brains of rats treated with 3\u2010NPA. Our results indicate that the toxin induced the activation of ATM and p53 only in astrocytes, and a role for these proteins in neuronal degeneration was ruled out. On the other hand, striatal neurons lost the active form of Akt as soon as they began to appear pyknotic, indicating impairment of the PI3K\/Akt\/GSK3 pathway in their degenerative process. The inactive form of GSK3\u03b2 was detected extensively, mainly in the rim of the striatal lesions around degenerating neurons, which could be attributed to a cell death or cell survival response. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,14]],"date-time":"2012-04-14T11:11:47Z","timestamp":1334401907000},"page":"1803-1813","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Expression pattern of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), p53, Akt, and glycogen synthase kinase\u20103\u03b2 in the striatum of rats treated with 3\u2010nitropropionic acid"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Duran\u2010Vilaregut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Manich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaume","family":"del Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Camins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Merc\u00e8","family":"Pall\u00e0s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Vilaplana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carme","family":"Pelegr\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb01045.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/457675a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2008.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2006.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-12-05020.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M305057200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.531632"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(99)00005-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03515.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410410514"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204861200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-36-11453.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.2.889"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35096075"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.03985.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00384"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2000.7434"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2008.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2003.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI37873"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601725"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(01)00011-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410390317"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1192912"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2003.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"1849","article-title":"Increased oxidative stress in ataxia telangiectasia evidenced by alterations in redox state of brains from Atm\u2010deficient mice","volume":"61","author":"Kamsler A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200207000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(04)00017-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.05044.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.11.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009637512917"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.24.9356-9363.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Physiological regulation of Akt activity and stability","volume":"2","author":"Liao Y","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2009.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700354"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100032212"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200302100-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3928-08.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbrainres.2004.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400210"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(02)00229-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-010-0278-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-09-03064.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/62.6.633"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2718"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-08-03394.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.09.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7973679"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(99)01479-4"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroscience Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjnr.23060","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jnr.23060","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T12:05:51Z","timestamp":1700568351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jnr.23060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,14]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jnr.23060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.23060","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-4012","1097-4547"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-4012","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4547","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,14]]}}}