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Our previous study showed that transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the inner ear of rats with damaged SLFs significantly accelerates hearing recovery compared with rats without MSC transplantation. To elucidate this mechanism of SLF repair and to determine the contribution of transplanted MSCs in this model, we investigated the mutual effects on differentiation and proliferation between MSCs and SLFs in a coculture system. Factors secreted by SLFs had the ability to promote the transdifferentiation of MSCs into SLF\u2010like cells, and the factors secreted by MSCs had a stimulatory effect on the proliferation of SLFs. Cytokine antibody array analysis revealed the involvement of transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 (TGF\u2010\u03b2) in SLF proliferation induced by MSCs. In addition, a TGF\u2010\u03b2 inhibitor reduced SLF proliferation induced by MSC stimulation. Our results suggest that there are two mechanisms of hearing recovery following transplantation of MSCs into the inner ear: 1) MSCs transdifferentiate into SLF\u2010like cells that compensate for lost SLFs, and 2) transplanted MSCs stimulate the regeneration of host SLFs. Both mechanisms contribute to the functional recovery of the damaged SLF network. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]],"date-time":"2012-04-26T07:13:10Z","timestamp":1335424390000},"page":"1713-1722","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Functional interaction between mesenchymal stem cells and spiral ligament 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