{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T04:23:01Z","timestamp":1790482981407,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,30]],"date-time":"2012-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comprehensive cerebral metabolites involved in morphine dependence have not been well explored. To gain a better understanding of morphine dependence and withdrawal therapy in a model highly related to humans, metabolic changes in brain hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rhesus monkeys were measured by <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, coupled with partial least squares and orthogonal signal correction analysis. The results showed that concentrations of myoinositol (M\u2010Ins) and taurine were significantly reduced, whereas lactic acid was increased in hippocampus and PFC of morphine\u2010dependent monkeys. Phosphocholine and creatine increased in PFC but decreased in hippocampus after chronic treatment of morphine. Moreover, N\u2010acetyl aspartate (NAA), \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid, glutamate, glutathione, methionine, and homocysteic acid also changed in these brain regions. These results suggest that chronic morphine exposure causes profound disturbances of neurotransmitters, membrane, and energy metabolism in the brain. Notably, morphine\u2010induced dysregulations in NAA, creatine, lactic acid, taurine, M\u2010Ins, and phosphocholine were clearly reversed after intervention with methadone or clonidine. Our study highlights the potential of metabolic profiling to enhance our understanding of metabolite alteration and neurobiological actions associated with morphine addiction and withdrawal therapy in primates. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,30]],"date-time":"2012-07-30T02:45:46Z","timestamp":1343616346000},"page":"2154-2162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["<sup>1<\/sup>H\u2010nuclear magnetic resonance\u2010based metabonomic analysis of brain in rhesus monkeys with morphine treatment and withdrawal intervention"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengtao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengchi","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangyan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiachuan","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinxuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinglan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Cen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"Selective blockage of delta opioid receptors prevents the development of morphine tolerance and dependence in mice","volume":"258","author":"Abdelhamid EE","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.71052041.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023250721185"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00403.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1202-802"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(03)00052-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00115550-200411000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"637","article-title":"Circulation and energy metabolism of the brain","volume":"6","author":"Clarke D","year":"1999","journal-title":"Basic Neurochem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-09-03321.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(99)00060-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-006-0396-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"Multi\u2010 and megavariate data analysis: part 1 basic principles and applications","author":"Eriksson L","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(01)00088-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2005.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2006.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2003.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"CD002024","article-title":"Alpha2\u2010adrenergic agonists for the management of opioid withdrawal","author":"Gowing L","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev (Online)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03993.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00971582"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2011.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"1070","article-title":"Opioid receptor imaging with positron emission tomography and [18F]cyclofoxy in long\u2010term, methadone\u2010treated former heroin addicts","volume":"295","author":"Kling MA","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(78)90386-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300435"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1940040203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd728"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(96)13104-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1625-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-004-0066-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000287675.15225.0b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00929-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656560903037168"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440120105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr050244o"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(96)00642-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/37610"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1940040204"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.07043.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(82)90038-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-08-02605.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5012\/bkcs.2010.31.04.825"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.02.004"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroscience Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjnr.23109","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jnr.23109","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T07:36:15Z","timestamp":1696836975000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jnr.23109"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,30]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jnr.23109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.23109","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-4012","1097-4547"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-4012","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4547","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,30]]}}}