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However, whether they can modulate regeneration after optic nerve injury in the adult animal is less clear. The present study investigates the effects of application of these neurotrophic factors on the speed, number, and distribution of regenerating axons in the frog <jats:italic>Rana pipiens<\/jats:italic> after optic nerve crush. Optic nerves were crushed and the factors, or phosphate\u2010buffered saline, were applied to the stump or intraocularly. The nerves were examined at different times after axotomy, using anterograde labeling with biotin dextran amine and antibody against growth\u2010associated protein 43. We measured the length, number, and distribution of axons projecting beyond the lesion site. Untreated regenerating axons show an increase in elongation rate over 3 weeks. CNTF more than doubles this rate, FGF\u20102 increases it, and BDNF has little effect. In contrast, the numbers of regenerating axons that have reached 200 \u03bcm at 2 weeks were more than doubled by FGF\u20102, increased by CNTF, and barely affected by BDNF. The regenerating axons were preferentially distributed in the periphery of the nerve; although the numbers of axons were increased by neurotrophic factor application, this overall distribution was substantially unaffected. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,26]],"date-time":"2013-10-26T13:22:49Z","timestamp":1382793769000},"page":"13-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Ciliary neurotrophic factor and fibroblast growth factor increase the speed and number of regenerating axons after optic nerve injury in adult <i>Rana pipiens<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Giam S.","family":"Vega\u2010Mel\u00e9ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurobiology University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus Old San Juan Puerto Rico"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine 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