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Curcumin, a naturally occurring polyphenolic phytochemical isolated from the medicinal plant <jats:italic>Curcuma longa<\/jats:italic>, has anti\u2010inflammatory activities. Here we investigated the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of curcumin in EAN rats. Exogenous curcumin treatment (100 mg\/kg\/day) significantly delayed the onset of EAN neurological signs, ameliorated EAN neurological severity, and reduced body weight loss of EAN rats. In EAN sciatic nerves, curcumin treatment suppressed the inflammatory cell accumulation and the expression of interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b3, tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, and IL\u201017. Furthermore, curcumin treatment significantly decreased the percentage of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T helper cells in EAN spleen and suppressed concanavalin A\u2010induced lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. In addition, curcumin altered helper T cell differentiation by decreasing IFN\u2010\u03b3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Th1 cells in EAN lymph node and spleen. In summary, our data demonstrate that curcumin could effectively suppress EAN by attenuating inflammation, indicating that curcumin might be a candidate for treatment of autoimmune neuropathies. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,31]],"date-time":"2014-01-31T11:09:15Z","timestamp":1391166555000},"page":"743-750","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Curcumin ameliorates rat experimental autoimmune neuritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Fuyu","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University of PLA 30 Gaotanyan Mainstreet Chongqing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bangwei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University of PLA 30 Gaotanyan Mainstreet 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