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Therapeutic hypothermia, which is a standard treatment for term infants with HI encephalopathy, is not indicated for preterm infants because its safety and effect have not been established. Here we investigate the effectiveness and mechanism of hypothermia for the inhibition of pre\u2010OLs damage in PVL. For in vivo studies, 6\u2010day\u2010old rats underwent left carotid artery ligation, followed by exposure to 6% oxygen for 1 hr under hypothermic or normothermic conditions. The loss of myelin basic protein (MBP) was inhibited by hypothermia. For in vitro studies, primary pre\u2010OLs cultures were subjected to oxygen\u2013glucose deprivation (OGD) under normothermic or hypothermic conditions, and dorsal root ganglion neurons were subsequently added. Hypothermia inhibited apoptosis of pre\u2010OLs, and, despite specific downregulation of 21.5\u2010 and 17\u2010kDa MBP mRNA expression during hypothermia, recovery of the expression after OGD was superior compared with normothermia. OGD caused disarrangement of MBP distribution, decreased the levels of phosphorylated 21.5\u2010kDa MBP, and disturbed the capacity to contact with neurons, all of which were restored by hypothermia. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK1\/2 phosphorylation with U0126 during and after OGD significantly reduced the protective effects of hypothermia on apoptosis and myelination, respectively. These data suggest that phosphorylated exon 2\u2010containing (21.5\u2010 and possibly 17\u2010kDa) MBP isoforms may play critical roles in myelination and that hypothermia attenuates apoptosis and preserves the contact between OLs and neurons via ERK1\/2 phosphorylation. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,28]],"date-time":"2014-05-28T06:23:39Z","timestamp":1401258219000},"page":"1270-1285","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Hypothermia attenuates apoptosis and protects contact between myelin basic protein\u2010expressing oligodendroglial\u2010lineage cells and neurons against hypoxia\u2013Ischemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Mari","family":"Ichinose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshimasa","family":"Kamei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Iriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Imada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Seyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masatake","family":"Toshimitsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Asou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura &amp; Co. 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