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Using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, we explored the noise\u2010induced neuroepithelial changes that occur in the cochlea of rats subjected to moderate intensities, 70 and 85 dB SPL, for an extended period of time (6 hr\/day over 3 months). Although the full quota of outer and inner sensory hair cells remained present, we detected discrete abnormalities, likely resulting from metabolic impairment, in both types of hair cell within the basal region of the cochlea. In contrast, important noise\u2010dependent losses of spiral ganglion neurons had occurred. In addition, we found cytoplasmic accumulations of lipofuscin\u2010like aggregates in most of the surviving cochlear neurons. These results strongly suggest that noise levels comparable to those of certain working environments, with sufficient exposure duration, pose a severe risk to the cochlea. 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