{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:20:42Z","timestamp":1791249642895,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]],"date-time":"2015-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001810","name":"Paralyzed Veterans of America Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001810","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["NS16333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS16333"]}]},{"name":"Walkabout Foundation"},{"name":"Dana and Christopher Reeve Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The neural networks that generate stepping in complete spinal adult rats remain poorly defined. To address this problem, we used c\u2010fos (an activity\u2010dependent marker) to identify active interneurons and motoneurons in the lumbar spinal cord of adult spinal rats during a 30\u2010min bout of bipedal stepping. Spinal rats were either step trained (30 min\/day, 3 days\/week, for 7.5 weeks) or not step trained. Stepping was enabled by epidural stimulation and the administration of the serotonergic agonists quipazine and 8\u2010OHDPAT. A third group of spinal rats served as untreated (no stimulation, drugs, or stepping) controls. The numbers of activated cholinergic central canal cluster cells and partition neurons were higher in both step\u2010trained and nontrained rats than in untreated rats and were higher in nontrained than in step\u2010trained rats. The latter finding suggests that daily treatment with epidural stimulation plus serotonergic agonist treatment without step training enhances the excitability of a broader cholinergic interneuronal population than does step training. The numbers of activated interneurons in laminae II\u2013VI of lumbar cross\u2010sections were higher in both step\u2010trained and nontrained rats than in untreated rats, and they were highest in step\u2010trained rats. This finding suggests that this population of interneurons is responsive to epidural stimulation plus serotonergic treatment and that load\u2010bearing induced when stepping has an additive effect. The numbers of activated motoneurons of all size categories were higher in the step\u2010trained group than in the other two groups, reflecting a strong effect of loading on motoneuron recruitment. In general, these results indicate that the spinal networks for locomotion are similar with and without brain input. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Significance<\/jats:bold>: We identified neurons within the spinal cord networks that are activated during assisted stepping in paraplegic rats. We stimulated the spinal cord and administered a drug to help the rats step. One group was trained to step and another was not trained. We observed a lower percentage of activated neurons in specific spinal cord regions in trained rats than in nontrained rats after a 1\u2010hr stepping bout, suggesting that step training reduces activation of some types of spinal neurons. This observation indicates that training makes the spinal networks more efficient and suggests a \u201clearning\u201d phenomenon in the spinal cord without any brain input.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]],"date-time":"2015-03-18T13:44:45Z","timestamp":1426686285000},"page":"1229-1239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Spinal neuronal activation during locomotor\u2010like activity enabled by epidural stimulation and 5\u2010hydroxytryptamine agonists in spinal rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Paul O.","family":"Duru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niranjala J.K.","family":"Tillakaratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California"},{"name":"Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung A.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey M.","family":"Stauber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trinh T.","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei S.","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. 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