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These studies vary in their approach, experimental conditions, paradigms, and outcomes. However, it is essential to integrate previous findings and experimental methods for a better demonstration of current issues and challenges in designing such studies. This Review examines methodologies and experimental conditions of neuroelectrophysiological research among heroin addicts during withdrawal, abstinence, and methadone maintenance treatment and presents the findings. The results show decrements in attentional processing and dysfunctions in brain response inhibition as well as brain activity abnormalities induced by chronic heroin abuse. Chronic heroin addiction causes increased \u03b2 and \u03b12 power activity, latency of P300 and P600, and diminished P300 and P600 amplitude. Findings confirm that electroencephalography (EEG) band power and coherence are associated with craving indices and heroin abuse history. First symptoms of withdrawal can be seen in high\u2010frequency EEG bands, and the severity of these symptoms is associated with brain functional connectivity. EEG spectral changes and event\u2010related potential (ERP) properties have been shown to be associated with abstinence length and tend to normalize within 3\u20136 months of abstinence. From the conflicting criteria and confounding effects in neuroelectrophysiological studies, the authors suggest a comprehensive longitudinal study with a multimethod approach for monitoring EEG and ERP attributes of heroin addicts from early stages of withdrawal until long\u2010term abstinence to control the confounding effects, such as nicotine abuse and other comorbid and premorbid conditions. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,10]],"date-time":"2016-01-10T13:36:06Z","timestamp":1452432966000},"page":"297-309","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Neuroelectrophysiological approaches in heroin addiction research: A review of literatures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Farid","family":"Motlagh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"Centre of Addiction Sciences University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatimah","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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