{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:50:04Z","timestamp":1786978204058,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]],"date-time":"2016-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["OR120216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OR120216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 NS081063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS081063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Lone Star Paralysis Grants"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Complete crush or cut severance of sciatic nerve axons in rats and other mammals produces immediate loss of axonal continuity. Loss of locomotor functions subserved by those axons is restored only after months, if ever, by outgrowths regenerating at \u223c1\u2009mm\/day from the proximal stumps of severed axonal segments. The distal stump of a severed axon typically begins to degenerate in 1\u20133 days. We recently developed a polyethylene glycol (PEG) fusion technology, consisting of sequential exposure of severed axonal ends to hypotonic Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010free saline, methylene blue, PEG in distilled water, and finally Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010containing isotonic saline. This study examines factors that affect the PEG fusion restoration of axonal continuity within minutes, as measured by conduction of action potentials and diffusion of an intracellular fluorescent dye across the lesion site of rat sciatic nerves completely cut or crush severed in the midthigh. Also examined are factors that affect the longer\u2010term PEG fusion restoration of lost behavioral functions within days to weeks, as measured by the sciatic functional index. We report that exposure of cut\u2010severed axonal ends to Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010containing saline prior to PEG fusion and stretch\/tension of proximal or distal axonal segments of cut\u2010severed axons decrease PEG fusion success. Conversely, trimming cut\u2010severed ends in Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010free saline just prior to PEG fusion increases PEG fusion success. PEG fusion prevents or retards the Wallerian degeneration of cut\u2010severed axons, as assessed by measures of axon diameter and G ratio. PEG fusion may produce a paradigm shift in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]],"date-time":"2016-01-05T06:22:52Z","timestamp":1451974972000},"page":"231-245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Effects of extracellular calcium and surgical techniques on restoration of axonal continuity by polyethylene glycol fusion following complete cut or crush severance of rat sciatic nerves"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Cameron L.","family":"Ghergherehchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George D.","family":"Bittner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert Louis","family":"Hastings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Mikesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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