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Recent studies have highlighted a specific and functionally significant B\u2010cell subset that could downregulate excessive immune and inflammatory responses through a vast array of inhibitory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)\u201010 and transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 (TGF\u2010\u03b2). This subset of B cells is generally referred to as <jats:italic>regulatory B cells<\/jats:italic> (Bregs). In addition, recent studies have shown that IL\u201035\u2010producing Bregs also play a role in downregulation of immunity. Diverse phenotypes of Bregs have been proposed to underlie human disorders and their animal models. Most studies have focused on the role of different subsets of Bregs and Bregs\u2010associated molecules such as IL\u201010, TGF\u2010\u03b2, and IL\u201035 in the pathogenesis of neuroimmunologic disorders. Furthermore, Bregs exert regulatory function mainly through suppressing the differentiation of Th1\/Th17 cells and promoting regulatory T\u2010cell expansion. Reduced presence of Bregs is reportedly associated with progression of several neuroimmunologic disorders. This Review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of Bregs in neuroimmunologic disorders, including multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, and myasthenia gravis. \u00a9 2016 The Authors. 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