{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:29:23Z","timestamp":1788326963919,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,7]],"date-time":"2016-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It is generally accepted that women tend to ruminate more than men do and these thought patterns are often associated with depressive symptoms (Nolen\u2010Hoeksema et al., <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#jnr23976-bib-0014\"\/>). Based on these findings, we considered whether the relationship between rumination and depression is stronger in women than in men and if so, whether this might explain the higher prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in women and finally, whether the association can be disrupted through a mind\/body intervention. Adult men and women, most of whom were clinically depressed, participated in an intervention known as MAP Training, which combines \u201cmental\u201d training with silent meditation and \u201cphysical\u201d training with aerobic exercise (Shors et al., <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#jnr23976-bib-0023\"\/>). After eight weeks of training, both men and women reported significantly fewer symptoms of depression and fewer ruminative thoughts (Alderman et al., <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#jnr23976-bib-0002\"\/>). Statistical correlations between depressive symptoms and ruminative thoughts were strong and significant (rho\u2009&gt;\u20090.50; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) for both men and women before and after MAP Training. However, only in women did depressive symptoms relate to \u201creflective\u201d ruminations, which involve analyses of past events, feelings, and behaviors. This is also the only relationship that dissipated after the intervention. In general, these analyses suggest that the strength of the relationship between depressive symptoms and rumination does not necessarily explain sex differences in depression; but because the relationship is strong, targeting rumination through intervention can reduce the incidence of MDD, which is more prevalent among women. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,7]],"date-time":"2016-11-07T05:28:47Z","timestamp":1478496527000},"page":"711-718","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Do sex differences in rumination explain sex differences in depression?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Tracey J.","family":"Shors","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Center for Collaborative Neuroscience Rutgers University Piscataway NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma M.","family":"Millon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Center for Collaborative Neuroscience Rutgers University Piscataway NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han Yan M.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Center for Collaborative Neuroscience Rutgers University Piscataway NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan L.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas Denton Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon L.","family":"Alderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Health Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00269"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.225"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6703_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.10.4.470"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055850"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2013.00066"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DiFeoG ShorsTJ.2016.Mental and physical skill training increases neurogenesis via cell survival in the adolescent hippocampus. 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