{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T10:53:36Z","timestamp":1787828016794,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,7]],"date-time":"2016-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Institutes of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)","award":["R01 NS055903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS055903"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1U54TR001356-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U54TR001356-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the University of Iowa Clinical and Translational Science Award"},{"name":"the CHDI Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Huntington disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a gene (<jats:italic>HTT<\/jats:italic>) with a unique feature of trinucleotide repeats ranging from 10 to 35 in healthy people; when expanded beyond 39 repeats, Huntington disease develops. Animal models demonstrate that <jats:italic>HTT<\/jats:italic> is vital to brain development; however, this has not been studied in humans. Moreover, evidence suggests that triplet repeat genes may have been vital in evolution of the human brain.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Here we evaluate brain structure using magnetic resonance imaging and brain function using cognitive tests in a sample of school\u2010aged children ages 6 to 18 years old. DNA samples were processed to quantify the number of CAG repeats within <jats:italic>HTT<\/jats:italic>. We find that the number of repeats in <jats:italic>HTT<\/jats:italic>, below disease threshold, confers advantageous changes in brain structure and general intelligence (IQ): the higher the number of repeats, the greater the change in brain structure, and the higher the IQ. The pattern of structural brain changes associated with <jats:italic>HTT<\/jats:italic> is strikingly different between males and females.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>HTT<\/jats:italic> may confer an advantage or a disadvantage depending on the repeat length, playing a key role in either the evolution of a superior human brain or development of a uniquely human brain disease. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,7]],"date-time":"2016-11-07T05:28:47Z","timestamp":1478496527000},"page":"398-408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Sex\u2010specific effects of the Huntington gene on normal neurodevelopment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Jessica K.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City 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