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Our previous studies showed that calcium\u2010modulating agents decrease calcium accumulation, which aids in regeneration of injured peripheral nerves; however, the optimal therapeutic window for this application has not yet been identified. In this study, we show that calcium clearance after nerve injury is positively correlated with functional recovery in rats suffering from a crushed sciatic nerve injury. After the nerve injury, calcium accumulation increased. Peak volume is from 2 to 8 weeks post injury; calcium accumulation then gradually decreased over the following 24\u2010week period. The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) measurement from the extensor digitorum longus muscle recovered to nearly normal levels in 24 weeks. Simultaneously, real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction results showed that upregulation of calcium\u2010ATPase (a membrane protein that transports calcium out of nerve fibers) mRNA peaked at 12 weeks. These results suggest that without intervention, the peak in calcium\u2010ATPase mRNA expression in the injured nerve occurs after the peak in calcium accumulation, and CMAP recovery continues beyond 24 weeks. Immediately using calcium\u2010modulating agents after crushed nerve injury improved functional recovery. These studies suggest that a crucial time frame in which to initiate effective clinical approaches to accelerate calcium clearance and nerve regeneration would be prior to 2 weeks post injury. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,4]],"date-time":"2017-01-04T13:16:39Z","timestamp":1483535799000},"page":"1786-1795","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Best time window for the use of calcium\u2010modulating agents to improve functional recovery in injured peripheral nerves\u2014An experiment in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Yuhui","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng\u2010Yi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Froedtert Health\u2013Community 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