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Transplantation with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been used in stroke models to repair the ischemic brain injury, but it is little studied in models with global cerebral ischemia. In the present study, a hypoxia precondition was used to improve the efficacy of MSC transplantation, given the low survival and migration rates and limited differentiation capacities of MSCs. We found that hypoxia can increase the expansion and migration of MSCs by activating the PI3K\/AKT and hypoxia\u2010inducible factor\u20101\u03b1\/CXC chemokine receptor\u20104 pathways. 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