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The present study firstly examined whether sex differences exist in TLR3\u2010induced inflammatory, endocrine, and sickness responses. The data revealed that TLR3\u2010induced expression of interferon\u2010 or NFkB\u2010inducible genes (IFN\u2010\u03b1\/\u03b2, IP\u201010, or TNF\u2010\u03b1), either peripherally (spleen) or centrally (hypothalamus), did not differ between male and female rats, with the exception of TLR3\u2010induced IFN\u2010\u03b1 expression in the spleen of female, but not male, rats 8 hr post TLR3 activation. Furthermore, TLR3 activation increased plasma corticosterone levels, induced fever, and reduced locomotor activity and body weight \u2014 effects independent of sex. Thus, the acute\u2010phase inflammatory, endocrine, and sickness responses to TLR3 activation exhibit minimal sex\u2010related differences. A further aim of this study was to examine whether enhancing endocannabinoid tone \u2014 namely, 2\u2010arachidonylglycerol (2\u2010AG) or <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), exhibited similar effects on TLR3\u2010induced inflammatory responses in male versus female rats. Systemic administration of the monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor MJN110 and subsequent increases in 2\u2010AG levels did not alter the TLR3\u2010induced increase in IP\u201010, IRF7, or TNF\u2010\u03b1 expression in the spleen or the hypothalamus of male or female rats. In contrast, the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597 increased levels of AEA and related <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acylethanolamines, an effect associated with the attenuation of TLR3\u2010induced inflammatory responses in the hypothalamus, but not the spleen, of male and female rats. These data support a role for FAAH, but not MAGL, substrates in the modulation of TLR3\u2010induced neuroinflammatory responses, effects independent of sex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,20]],"date-time":"2017-07-20T07:37:13Z","timestamp":1500536233000},"page":"989-1001","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["FAAH, but not MAGL, inhibition modulates acute TLR3\u2010induced neuroimmune signaling in the rat, independent of sex"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Lisa E.","family":"Flannery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology, School of Medicine National University of Ireland Galway Ireland"},{"name":"NCBES Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre National University of Ireland Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology, School of Medicine National University of Ireland Galway Ireland"},{"name":"NCBES Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre National University of Ireland Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology, School of Medicine National University of Ireland Galway Ireland"},{"name":"NCBES Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre National University of Ireland Galway Ireland"},{"name":"Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Finn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NCBES Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre National University of Ireland Galway Ireland"},{"name":"Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7242-9397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Roche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology, School of Medicine National University of Ireland Galway Ireland"},{"name":"NCBES Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre National University of Ireland Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.27.783"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.10.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-200116050-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00274.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2006.26.887"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/brbi.1999.0556"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.4.2088"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/159150","article-title":"Sex hormones and immune dimorphism","volume":"2014","author":"Bhatia A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scientific World Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00933.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12483"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000435931"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-015-9615-z"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"An issue whose time has come: Sex\/gender influences on nervous system function","volume":"95","author":"Cahill L. 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