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Brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB), and phospho\u2010p44\/p42 mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase (MAPK) are known to contribute to hippocampal memory\/learning. The present study aimed to clarify the effects of nasal obstruction during the growth period on memory\/learning in an animal model, using combined behavioral, biochemical, and histological approaches. Male BALB\/C mice underwent unilateral nasal obstruction (UNO) by cauterization at 8 days of age and were subjected to Y\u2010maze and passive avoidance tests at 15 weeks of age. The serum corticosterone levels were measured using an enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay, and brain tissues were subjected to hematoxylin\u2010eosin staining and histological analysis or homogenization and Western blot analysis. Compared with control mice, UNO mice had lower blood oxygen saturation levels and exhibited apparent memory\/learning impairments during behavioral testing. Additionally, the UNO group had higher hippocampal BDNF levels and serum corticosterone levels, lower hippocampal TrkB and phospho\u2010p44\/p42 MAPK levels, and reduced neuron numbers relative to controls. Our findings suggest that UNO during adolescence affects the hippocampus and causes memory\/learning impairments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,2]],"date-time":"2018-02-02T06:36:55Z","timestamp":1517553415000},"page":"1056-1065","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Nasal obstruction during adolescence induces memory\/learning impairments associated with BDNF\/TrkB signaling pathway hypofunction and high corticosterone levels"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Takuya","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic Science, Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3762-2597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidemasa","family":"Okihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic Science, Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kokai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic Science, Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasunori","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic Science, Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uchima Koecklin","family":"Karin Harumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic Science, Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mio","family":"Makiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic Science, Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiho","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic Science, Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadachika","family":"Yabushita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic Science, Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Michikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya City University Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic Science, Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021848706159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Neurotrophins: A family of proteins supporting the survival of neurons","volume":"390","author":"Barde Y. 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