{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T04:30:00Z","timestamp":1788582600995,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]],"date-time":"2018-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Exposure to stress activates both the hypothalamus\u2010pituitary\u2010adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). A growing body of research points to the contribution of sex hormones (testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone), the end products of the hypothalamus\u2010pituitary\u2010gonadal (HPG) axis, in modulating stress reactivity. The present study aimed at investigating the potential modulating role of sex hormones on HPA and SNS reactivity to psychosocial stress. The reactivity, induced by the Trier Social Stress Test, was analyzed by measuring the levels of cortisol and alpha\u2010amylase (markers for SNS activity) in four saliva samples each of 21 men and 37 women (17 not using oral contraceptives and in their luteal phase, and 20 women using oral contraceptives). In addition, basal sex hormones were sampled prior to the psychosocial stress exposure. Results revealed that controlling for testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone diminished the impact of stress on cortisol reactivity and on alpha\u2010amylase reactivity. Moreover, controlling for sex hormones also diminished the differential pattern of cortisol reactivity in each experimental group among responders. Furthermore, correlation analyses revealed differences between groups in the association between sex hormones and alpha\u2010amylase. The present findings indicate a modulatory role for sex hormones in HPA and SNS reactivity and emphasize the need for control of sex hormone fluctuations when examining cortisol and alpha\u2010amylase reactivity to stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]],"date-time":"2018-05-09T10:46:15Z","timestamp":1525862775000},"page":"1388-1397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Gonadal hormones modulate the HPA\u2010axis and the SNS in response to psychosocial stress"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1124-767X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efrat","family":"Barel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Sciences The Max Stern Academic College of Emek Yezreel  Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randa","family":"Abu\u2010Shkara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Department Emek Medical Center Afula Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Colodner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Department Emek Medical Center Afula Israel"},{"name":"Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Refaat","family":"Masalha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Department Emek Medical Center Afula Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lila","family":"Mahagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Department Emek Medical Center Afula Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Or Chen","family":"Zemel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Sciences The Max Stern Academic College of Emek Yezreel  Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ami","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology The Max Stern Academic College of Emek Yezreel  Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2010.514671"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181baef05"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000058376.50240.2D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199801000-00004"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"2503","article-title":"Hormonal responses to psychological stress in men preparing for skydiving","volume":"82","author":"Chatterton R. 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