{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T02:50:16Z","timestamp":1771210216039,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bureau of Medicine and Surgery Wounded Ill and Injured Special Program","award":["#16TB0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#16TB0001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has been linked to mental health disorders (MHDs) and pituitary function alterations. Due to the complex relationship of mTBI, the neuroendocrine system, and MHDs, we propose that neuroendocrine dysfunction (NED) may play a role in negative long\u2010term health outcomes. The goal of this study was to determine if blast\u2010concussed service members (SMs) have a stronger likelihood of developing NED. We hypothesized that NED either pre\u2010 or post\u2010injury is associated with poor mental and physical health outcomes. Serum samples from the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch were obtained from concussed (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a059) and non\u2010concussed (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a072) SMs treated at the Concussion Restoration Care Center (CRCC) in Afghanistan. Serum was collected within 2\u00a0years prior to deployment and one or two times within 3\u00a0years following their CRCC visit. Samples were analyzed for luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, human growth hormone, cortisol, and prolactin to assess post\u2010injury neuroendocrine function. Results indicate that SMs who incurred an mTBI exhibited long\u2010term LH and testosterone deficiencies 3\u00a0years following injury compared to controls. Specifically, 47.6% of head\u2010injured SMs displayed hypofunction in at least one of five hormones at 3\u00a0years post\u2010injury. Anxiety disorders were the most common MHD observed in concussed SMs with hypopituitarism, while there was also a trend for SMs with chronic pituitary dysfunction to have MHD diagnoses. Findings indicate blast\u2010related mTBI may be associated with long\u2010term health outcomes following a period of incubation. Neuroendocrine screenings may increase treatment opportunities, inform rehabilitation strategies, and improve overall quality of life for patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T07:20:05Z","timestamp":1583911205000},"page":"1174-1187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Neuroendocrine function and associated mental health outcomes following mild traumatic brain injury in OEF\u2010deployed service members"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Ciarlone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurotrauma Department Naval Medical Research Center Silver Spring MD USA"},{"name":"The Henry M. Jackson Foundation Inc. 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Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob N.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyber, Science, &amp; Technology Department Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific San Diego CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl W.","family":"Goforth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurotrauma Department Naval Medical Research Center Silver Spring MD USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen T.","family":"Ahlers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurotrauma Department Naval Medical Research Center Silver Spring MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna E.","family":"Tschiffely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurotrauma Department Naval Medical Research Center Silver Spring MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02023.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02517.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usy313"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0504"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13492-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23958"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-019-00949-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/0897715041269713"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01895"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2007.0343"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12403"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050701426915"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7943481"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-113-2-632"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00896-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.3.3834"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0403"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","volume-title":"VA ESP","author":"Greer N.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-09-00189"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.12.2276"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072972"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-014-0606-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000329556"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2002.01012.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2006.12.0166"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02931.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.10.JNS09930"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Biomarkers of PTSD: Military applications and considerations","author":"Lehrner A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2009.01.0006"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","first-page":"2752","article-title":"Prevalence of neuroendocrine dysfunction in patients recovering from traumatic brain injury","volume":"86","author":"Lieberman S. 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