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We aimed to evaluate the pathology of MT\u2010induced arterial damage and neurovascular unit (NVU) disruption in relation to tissue\u2010type plasminogen activator (tPA) injection for acute ischemic stroke. We induced transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in male SHR\/Izm rats for 2\u00a0hr. This was followed by reperfusion with\/without tPA (3\u00a0mg\/kg) and \u201crough suture\u201d insertion that mimicked MT once or thrice (MT1 or MT3). Compared with the control group, the tPA\u00a0+\u00a0MT3 group presented with an increase in the cerebral infarct and hemorrhage with severer IgG leakage. Moreover, structural damage reaching the tunica media was detected in the MT3 and tPA\u00a0+\u00a0MT3 groups. The tPA\u00a0+\u00a0MT3 group presented with increased matrix metalloproteinase\u20109 (MMP\u20109) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression with some MMP9\u2010positive cells expressing a neutrophil marker myeloperoxidase. Furthermore, basal lamina detachment from astrocyte foot processes was observed in the tPA\u00a0+\u00a0MT1 and tPA\u00a0+\u00a0MT3 groups. These findings suggest that MT causes direct arterial damage, as well as VEGF and MMP9 upregulation, which results in NVU disruption and hemorrhagic complications in acute ischemic stroke, especially when combined with tPA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T04:08:50Z","timestamp":1592453330000},"page":"2018-2026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Direct arterial damage and neurovascular unit disruption by mechanical thrombectomy in a rat stroke model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Ryo","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5049-0875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koh","family":"Tadokoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Namiko","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emi","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshio","family":"Omote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mami","family":"Takemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nozomi","family":"Hishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1563-7226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koji","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.19.4.480"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.015857"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-19-07724.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.021320"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.011134"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2003.08.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0907606"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3531"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1615562"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.10.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182697e70"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)03366-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"915","article-title":"Senescence and ischemic stroke remodel the gut microbiome and modulate the effects of estrogen treatment in female rats","volume":"7","author":"Park M. 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