{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:26:58Z","timestamp":1787243218922,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,20]],"date-time":"2020-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Oxidative stress has been implicated in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Astrocytes play a significant role in maintaining survival of neurons by supplying antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH) to neurons. Recently, we found that noradrenaline increased the intracellular GSH concentration in astrocytes via \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010adrenoceptor stimulation. These observations suggest that noradrenaline protects neurons from oxidative stress\u2010induced death by increasing the supply of GSH from astrocytes to neurons via the stimulation of \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010adrenoceptor in astrocytes. In the present study, we examined the protective effect of noradrenaline against H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010induced neurotoxicity using two different mixed cultures: the mixed culture of human astrocytoma U\u2010251 MG cells and human neuroblastoma SH\u2010SY5Y cells, and the mouse primary cerebrum mixed culture of neurons and astrocytes. H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010induced neuronal cell death was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with noradrenaline in both mixed cultures but not in single culture of SH\u2010SY5Y cells or in mouse cerebrum neuron\u2010rich culture. The neuroprotective effect of noradrenaline was inhibited by SR59230A, a selective \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010adrenoceptor antagonist, and CL316243, a selective \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010adrenoceptor agonist, mimicked the neuroprotective effect of noradrenaline. DL\u2010buthionine\u2010[S,R]\u2010sulfoximine, a GSH synthesis inhibitor, negated the neuroprotective effect of noradrenaline in both mixed cultures. MK571, which inhibits the export of GSH from astrocytes mediated by multidrug resistance\u2010associated protein 1, also prevented the neuroprotective effect of noradrenaline. These results suggest that noradrenaline protects neurons against H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010induced death by increasing the supply of GSH from astrocytes via \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010adrenoceptor stimulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,20]],"date-time":"2020-09-20T23:24:07Z","timestamp":1600644247000},"page":"621-637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Noradrenaline protects neurons against H\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    O\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    \u2010induced death by increasing the supply of glutathione from astrocytes via \u03b2\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    \u2010adrenoceptor stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6827-9701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacotherapeutics Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Setsunan University Hirakata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Negoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacotherapeutics Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Setsunan University Hirakata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisatsugu","family":"Kadoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacotherapeutics Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Setsunan University Hirakata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiki","family":"Motegi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacotherapeutics Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Setsunan University Hirakata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumiya","family":"Shibagaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacotherapeutics Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Setsunan University Hirakata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Yamamuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacotherapeutics Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Setsunan University Hirakata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Ishimaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacotherapeutics Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Setsunan University Hirakata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadaaki","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacotherapeutics Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Setsunan University Hirakata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.00754.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2004.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-520-0_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715762.2011.653969"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.2000.01597.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2003.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2004.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb13425.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr300021e"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2009.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4236-05.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051197"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501282102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2003.111"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"1372","article-title":"Kinetic study of o\u2010dianisidine oxidation by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of horseradish peroxidase","volume":"42","author":"Lebedeva O. 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