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It is unknown whether these interventional effects are associated with microstructural brain changes. The aim of this study was to examine whether diffusion\u2010weighted MRI indices, which are sensitive to the interactions between cellular structures and water molecules' Brownian motion, respond differently to the interventions of the above\u2010mentioned trial and whether such differences correlate with the improvement of post\u2010concussion symptoms. Twenty\u2010three patients from the intervention group (mean age 22.8, 18 females) and 19 patients from the control group (enhanced usual care) (mean age 23.9, 14 females) were enrolled. The primary outcome measure was the mean kurtosis tensor, which is sensitive to the microscopic complexity of brain tissue. The mean kurtosis tensor was significantly increased in the intervention group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003) in the corpus callosum but not in the thalamus (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.78) and the hippocampus (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.34). An increase in mean kurtosis tensor in the corpus callosum tended to be associated with a reduction in symptoms, but this association did not reach significance (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.059). Changes in diffusion tensor imaging metrics did not differ between intervention groups and were not associated with symptoms. The current study found different diffusion\u2010weighted MRI responses from the microscopic cellular structures of the corpus callosum between patients receiving a novel behavioral intervention and patients receiving enhanced usual care. Correlations with improvement of post\u2010concussion symptoms were not evident.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T22:37:28Z","timestamp":1608071848000},"page":"872-886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Microstructural changes in the brain after long\u2010term post\u2010concussion symptoms: A randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2539-0362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erhard","family":"Trillingsgaard N\u00e6ss\u2010Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic Hammel Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Udby 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