{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:12:26Z","timestamp":1772118746081,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique implicated as a promising adjunct therapy to improve motor function through the neuromodulation of brain networks. Particularly bilateral tDCS, which affects both hemispheres, may yield stronger effects on motor learning than unilateral stimulation. Therefore, the aim of this exploratory study was to develop an experimental model for simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and bilateral tDCS in rats, to measure instant and resultant effects of tDCS on network activity and connectivity. Na\u00efve, male Sprague\u2010Dawley rats were divided into a tDCS (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a07) and sham stimulation group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a06). Functional MRI data were collected during concurrent bilateral tDCS over the sensorimotor cortex, while resting\u2010state functional MRI and perfusion MRI were acquired directly before and after stimulation. Bilateral tDCS induced a hemodynamic activation response, reflected by a bilateral increase in blood oxygenation level\u2010dependent signal in different cortical areas, including the sensorimotor regions. Resting\u2010state functional connectivity within the cortical sensorimotor network decreased after a first stimulation session but increased after a second session, suggesting an interaction between multiple tDCS sessions. Perfusion MRI revealed no significant changes in cerebral blood flow after tDCS. Our exploratory study demonstrates successful application of an MRI\u2010compatible bilateral tDCS setup in an animal model. Our results indicate that bilateral tDCS can locally modulate neuronal activity and connectivity, which may underlie its therapeutic potential.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T23:28:55Z","timestamp":1611876535000},"page":"1377-1389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Activation response and functional connectivity change in rat cortex after bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation\u2014An exploratory study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Boonzaier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Group Center for Image Sciences University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milou","family":"Straathof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Group Center for Image Sciences University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk Jan","family":"Ardesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connectome Lab Department of Complex Trait Genetics Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"van der Toorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Group Center for Image Sciences University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"van Vliet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Group Center for Image Sciences University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline L.","family":"van Heijningen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Group Center for Image Sciences University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willem M.","family":"Otte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Group Center for Image Sciences University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology UMC 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