{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T18:08:27Z","timestamp":1789236507800,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are the most common cause of nonheritable, preventable mental disability and are characterized by cognitive, behavioral, and physical impairments. FASD occurs in almost 5% of births in the United States, but despite this prevalence there is no known cure, largely because the biological mechanisms that translate alcohol exposure to neuropathology are not well understood. While the effects of early ethanol exposure on neuronal survival and circuitry have received more attention, glia, the cells most closely tied to initiating and propagating inflammatory events, could be an important target for alcohol in the developing brain. Inflammation is known to alter developmental trajectories, but it has recently been shown that even small changes in both astrocytes and microglia in the absence of full\u2010blown inflammatory signaling can alter brain function long\u2010term. Here, we studied the acute response of astrocytes and microglia to a single exposure to ethanol in development across sexes in a mouse model of human third trimester exposure, in order to understand how these cells may transition from their normal developmental path to a different program that leads to FASD neuropathology. We found that although a single ethanol exposure delivered subcutaneously on postnatal day 4 did not cause large changes in microglial morphology or the expression of AldH1L1 and GFAP in the cortex and hippocampus, subtle effects were observed. These findings suggest that even a single, early ethanol exposure can induce mild acute alterations in glia that could contribute to developmental deficits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T20:30:23Z","timestamp":1613853023000},"page":"2008-2025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Microglia and astrocytes show limited, acute alterations in morphology and protein expression following a single developmental alcohol exposure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1009-6811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Lowery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience School of Medicine and Dentistry Center for Visual Science University of Rochester Rochester NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4899-5628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MaKenna Y.","family":"Cealie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience School of Medicine and Dentistry Center for Visual Science University of Rochester Rochester NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassandra E.","family":"Lamantia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience School of Medicine and Dentistry Center for Visual Science University of Rochester Rochester NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique S.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience School of Medicine and Dentistry Center for Visual Science University of Rochester Rochester NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8984-8099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul D.","family":"Drew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2167-6849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ania K.","family":"Majewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience School of Medicine and Dentistry Center for Visual Science University of Rochester Rochester NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22835"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Timetables of neurogenesis in the human brain based on experimentally determined patterns in the rat","volume":"14","author":"Bayer S. 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