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We examined neural activity modulations induced by two multifocal tDCS procedures based on two distinct montages fitting two N\u2010back task\u2010based fMRI patterns (\u201ccompensatory\u201d and \u201cmaintenance\u201d) related to high working memory (WM) in a previous publication (Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Cabello et al. Neurobiol Aging (2016);48:23\u201333). We included 24 participants classified as stable or decliners according to their 4\u2010year WM trajectories following a retrospective longitudinal approach. Then, we studied longitudinal fMRI differences between groups (stable and decliners) and across multifocal tDCS montages (\u201ccompensatory\u201d and \u201cmaintenance\u201d) applied using a single\u2010blind sham\u2010controlled cross\u2010over design. Decliners evidenced over\u2010activation of non\u2010related WM areas after 4\u00a0years of follow\u2010up. Focusing on tDCS effects, among the decliner group, the \u201ccompensatory\u201d\u2010tDCS montage reduced the activity over the posterior regions where these subjects showed longitudinal hyperactivation. These results reinforce the notion that tDCS effects are characterized by an activity reduction and might be more noticeable in compromised systems. Importantly, the data provide novel evidence that cognitive trajectories predict tDCS effects in older adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T09:03:41Z","timestamp":1622192621000},"page":"2188-2200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Functional brain changes associated with cognitive trajectories determine specific tDCS\u2010induced effects among older adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6776-6559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00eddia","family":"Vaqu\u00e9\u2010Alc\u00e1zar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Institute of Neurosciences University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona 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