{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T06:06:50Z","timestamp":1789798010266,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Visually appreciable white matter (WM) changes have been described in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, few data exist on the involvement of silent WM abnormalities. This prospective study investigated the microstructural integrity of normal\u2010appearing white matter (NAWM) in male OSA patients before and after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment, using a neuroimaging approach. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was acquired from 32 participants (16 severe never\u2010treated OSA and 16 controls). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and Tract\u2010Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) were used to assess the microstructural NAWM changes in fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD). In order to evaluate the efficacy of the therapy, OSA patients underwent MRI evaluations at baseline and after 3\u00a0months of treatment (follow\u2010up). CPAP treatment significantly increased the FA in NAWM of the brain stem, corpus callosum and bilateral internal capsule of OSA patients at follow\u2010up compared to baseline (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05, TFCE\u2010corrected). OSA patients also showed increases in AD in the corpus callosum, superior corona radiata, and internal capsule of the right hemisphere (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05, TFCE\u2010corrected) after CPAP treatment. A significant negative correlation was found between the FA of the corona radiata, corpus callosum, internal capsule, limbic structures, and neuropsychological scores at follow\u2010up evaluation. No significant differences were found in MD and RD of NAWM in our patients after treatment. Our results demonstrate that FA and AD of NAWM in major tracts such as the corpus callosum and the internal capsule increased significantly after CPAP treatment, as a potential beneficial effect of ventilatory therapy. The recovery of NAWM alterations might also be related to the improvement in the neurocognitive profile, suggesting that nonclearly visible WM alterations may contribute to the physiopathology of OSA\u2010related cognitive impairment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T00:28:26Z","timestamp":1625185706000},"page":"2646-2656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Microstructural changes in normal\u2010appearing white matter in male sleep apnea patients are reversible after treatment: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5375-3733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Salsone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology National Research Council Catanzaro Italy"},{"name":"Division of Neuroscience Sleep Disorders Center San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Eugenia","family":"Caligiuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Center University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenza","family":"Castronovo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroscience Sleep Disorders Center San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Canessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Humanities and Life Sciences Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia Italy"},{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Marelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroscience Sleep Disorders Center San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Quattrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Quattrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology National Research Council Catanzaro Italy"},{"name":"Neuroscience Center University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Ferini\u2010Strambi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroscience Sleep Disorders Center San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"International classification of sleep disorders","author":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24971"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Raven's coloured progressive matrices: Normative values on 305 adult normal controls","volume":"2","author":"Basso A.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Functional Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100720200003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201005-0693OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000117297"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3994"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4490"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2017.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-142895"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-015-0216-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","volume-title":"The Stroop color and word test: A manual for clinical and experimental uses","author":"Golden C. 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