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The data concerning typically developing children mainly come from school\u2010based screening projects (Programme for International Student Assessment, INVALSI) and partially from the standardization of reading tests. These have revealed the existence of a gap in favor of females that primarily appears during adolescence and in situations of sociocultural disadvantage, usually explained on the basis of environmental factors such as socioeconomic status and gender\u2010based education. Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is significantly more prevalent among males, a difference that neuroimaging and genetic studies have attributed to the presence of hormone\u2010related protective factors in females, although it has been hypothesized that a different neurocognitive substrate may also be involved. However, the literature on the subject is still limited, and further studies of the interactions between genetic risk, environmental factors, and brain phenotypes are needed to clarify why females are better at performing reading tasks and less susceptible to dyslexia, regardless of their language or the educational system in the country in which they live. The aim of this mini\u2010review was to describe the studies that have investigated sex\u2010related differences in reading ability in both typically and atypically developing subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T05:40:45Z","timestamp":1625809245000},"page":"668-678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Sex\u2010related differences in reading achievement"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Elisa","family":"Granocchio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Neurology Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marinella","family":"De Salvatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Neurology Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta  Milan 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