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In the present study, we applied the novel fixel\u2010based analysis to comprehensively investigate the thalamus\u2010related microstructural abnormalities in 10 patients with DOC using 7\u2010T diffusion\u2010weighted imaging data. We found that compared to healthy controls, patients with DOC showed reduced fiber density (FD) and fiber density and cross\u2010section (FDC) in the mediodorsal, anterior, and ventral anterior thalamic nuclei, while fiber\u2010bundle cross\u2010section (FC) was not significantly altered in the thalamus. Impaired thalamocortical connectivity in the DOC cohort was mainly connected to the middle frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, fusiform gyrus, and sensorimotor cortices, including the precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus, with predominant microstructural abnormalities in FD and FDC. Correlation analysis showed that FC of the right mediodorsal thalamus was negatively correlated with the level of consciousness. Our results suggest that microstructural abnormalities of thalamus and thalamocortical connectivity in DOC were mainly attributed to axonal injury. In particular, the microstructural integrity of the thalamus is a vital factor in consciousness generation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T06:23:41Z","timestamp":1636698221000},"page":"3261-3273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Microstructural profiles of thalamus and thalamocortical connectivity in patients with disorder of consciousness"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Yamei","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Brain Medical Centre The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2996-5909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weihao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Egineering Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xufei","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine School of Medicine Zhejiang University City College  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Brain Medical Centre The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Ming Zhou Nao Kang Rehabilitation Hospital  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9303-5821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Brain Medical Centre The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benyan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Brain Medical Centre The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.7.1327"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"Non\u2010linear registration, aka spatial normalisation","author":"Andersson J. 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