{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T19:54:43Z","timestamp":1788983683069,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DC010154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DC010154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The cochlea, the sensory organ for hearing, has a protected immune environment, segregated from the systemic immune system by the blood\u2010labyrinth barrier. Previous studies have revealed that acute acoustic injury causes the infiltration of circulating leukocytes into the cochlea. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling immune cell trafficking are poorly understood. Here, we report the role of CX3CR1 in regulating the entry of neutrophils into the cochlea after acoustic trauma. We employed B6.129P\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      Cx3cr1\n                      <jats:sup>tm1Litt<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    \/J mice, a transgenic strain that lacks the gene,\n                    <jats:italic>Cx3cr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , for coding the fractalkine receptor. Our results demonstrate that lack of\n                    <jats:italic>Cx3cr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    results in the augmentation of neutrophil infiltration into cochlear tissues after exposure to an intense noise of 120\u00a0dB SPL for 1\u00a0hr. Neutrophil distribution in the cochlea is site specific, and the infiltration level is positively associated with noise intensity. Moreover, neutrophils are short lived and macrophage phagocytosis plays a role in neutrophil clearance, consistent with typical neutrophil dynamics in inflamed non\u2010cochlear tissues. Importantly, our study reveals the potentiation of noise\u2010induced hearing loss and sensory cell loss in\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      Cx3cr1\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    mice. In wild\u2010type control mice (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      Cx3cr1\n                      <jats:sup>+\/+<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) exposed to the same noise, we also found neutrophils. However, neutrophils were present primarily inside the microvessels of the cochlea, with only a few in the cochlear tissues. Collectively, our data implicate CX3CR1\u2010mediated signaling in controlling neutrophil migration from the circulation into cochlear tissues and provide a better understanding of the impacts of neutrophils on cochlear responses to acoustic injury.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T12:07:07Z","timestamp":1631621227000},"page":"2999-3020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Loss of CX3CR1 augments neutrophil infiltration into cochlear tissues after acoustic overstimulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4365-0874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Hearing and Deafness University at Buffalo Buffalo NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Audiology School of Health 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