{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:22:04Z","timestamp":1787314924753,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease which leads to impairment in several functional systems including cognition. Alteration of brain networks is linked to disability and its progression. However, results are mostly cross\u2010sectional and yet contradictory as putative adaptive and maladaptive mechanisms were found. Here, we aimed to explore longitudinal reorganization of brain networks over 2\u2010years by combining diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), resting\u2010state functional MRI (fMRI), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and a comprehensive neuropsychological\u2010battery. In 37 relapsing\u2010remitting MS (RRMS) and 39 healthy\u2010controls, cognition remained stable over\u2010time. We reconstructed network models based on the three modalities and analyzed connectivity in relation to the hierarchical topology and functional subnetworks. Network models were compared across modalities and in their association with cognition using linear\u2010mixed\u2010effect\u2010regression models. Loss of hub connectivity and global reduction was observed on a structural level over\u2010years (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u2009.010), which was similar for functional MEG\u2010networks but not for fMRI\u2010networks. Structural hub connectivity increased in controls (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u2009.044), suggesting a physiological mechanism of healthy aging. Despite a general loss in structural connectivity in RRMS, hub connectivity was preserved (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u2009.002) over\u2010time in default\u2010mode\u2010network (DMN). MEG\u2010networks were similar to DTI and weakly correlated with fMRI in MS (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u2009.050). Lower structural (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    between .23\u2013.33) and both lower (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    between .40\u2013.59) and higher functional connectivity (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u2009\u2212.54) in DMN was associated with poorer performance in attention and memory in RRMS (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u2009.001). MEG\u2010networks involved no association with cognition. Here, cognitive stability despite ongoing neurodegeneration might indicate a resilience mechanism of DMN hubs mimicking a physiological reorganization observed in healthy aging.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T02:55:00Z","timestamp":1666234500000},"page":"143-161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Topological reorganization of brain network might contribute to the resilience of cognitive functioning in mildly disabled relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Arzu Ceylan","family":"Has Silemek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Nolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"P\u00f6ttgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"Klinik und Poliklinik f\u00fcr Neurologie Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas K.","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Heesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"Klinik und Poliklinik f\u00fcr Neurologie Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan M.","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Klinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie &amp; Psychotherapie und Medizinische Klinik m.S. Psychosomatik, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF)  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan\u2010Patrick","family":"Stellmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"APHM, Hopital de la Timone, CEMEREM  Marseille France"},{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille Universit\u00e9, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR 7339  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1208933109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182918c6f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Regensburger Wortfl\u00fcssigkeits\u2010Test: RWT","author":"Aschenbrenner S.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000841749205900406"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201047922\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Behrens T. E. J. Woolrich M. W. Smith S. M. Boulby P. A. Barker G. J. Sillery E. L. &Matthews P. M.(2003).Chemical Ecology(2016\u2010for Ms and PhD) 6(7).https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.NEU.0000309595.77090.89","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1075"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2575"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583\u2010018\u20100068\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583\u2010019\u20100139\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2013.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00690"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.2000.90.2.537"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201060611\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582\u2010020\u201000439\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24795"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"Cs\u00e1rdi G. &Nepusz T.(2006).The igraph software package for complex network research. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/1d27\/44b83519657f5f2610698a8ddd177ced4f5c.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682\u2010015\u20109476\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.54055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.084"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572\u2010018\u20100041\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23403"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00264"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195\u2010018\u20100358\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24768"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22995"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FPSYT.2018.00601\/BIBTEX"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/S000712500010443X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","volume-title":"Wechsler\u2010Ged\u00e4chtnistest: WMS\u2010R; Deutsche Adaption der revidierten Fassung der Wechsler Memory Scale","author":"H\u00e4rting C.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102177"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","volume-title":"Verbaler Lern\u2010und Merkf\u00e4higkeitstest: VLMT; Manual","author":"Helmstaedter C.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23067"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012341"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520971807"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1444"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119364"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801342-7.00010-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FNEUR.2020.581700\/BIBTEX"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116680"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2015.0408"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25239"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/netn_a_00187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201097323\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00147"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2018.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","unstructured":"Opsahl T. (2009).Structure and evolution of weighted networks.https:\/\/ethos.bl.uk\/OrderDetails.do;jsessionid=652A420A33195813CEE0717B838DAA3A?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507253"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Standardized low\u2010resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA): Technical details","volume":"24","author":"Pascual\u2010Marqui R. D.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11030346"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910\u2010019\u20100917\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22366"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00341"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.084"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517750767"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00415\u2010016\u20108104\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2015.00082"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/texcom\/tgaa049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25247"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","volume-title":"Symbol digit modalities test","author":"Smith A.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3067\u201017.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102606"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583\u2010019\u20100138\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116756"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.10.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22650"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22596"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00338.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22924"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEUROIMAGE.2019.116137"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118219"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520987798"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2019.0717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NICL.2016.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203307014\u201012"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroscience Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jnr.25135","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jnr.25135","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jnr.25135","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T20:56:16Z","timestamp":1692651376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jnr.25135"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jnr.25135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.25135","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.25135\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.25135\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.25135\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.25135\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.25135\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.25135\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.25135\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.25135\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.25135\/v3\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.25135\/v4\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0360-4012","1097-4547"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-4012","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4547","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-10-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}