{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:01:02Z","timestamp":1791388862153,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often more complicated than a single head injury. An extreme example of this point may be military service members who experience a spectrum of exposures over a prolonged period under stressful conditions. Understanding the effects of complex exposures can inform evaluation and care to prevent persistent symptoms. We designed a longitudinal series of non\u2010invasive procedures in adult mice to evaluate the effects of prolonged mild stress and head injury exposures. We assessed anxiety, depression, and sleep\u2013wake dysfunction as symptoms that impact long\u2010term outcomes after mild TBI. Unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) was generated from a varied sequence of environmental stressors distributed within each of 21\u2009days. Subsequently, mice received a mild blast combined with closed\u2010head mild TBI on 5\u2009days at 24\u2010h intervals. In males and females, UCMS induced anxiety without depressive behavior. A major finding was reproducible sleep\u2013wake dysfunction through 6\u2010 to 12\u2010month time points in male mice that received UCMS with repetitive blast plus TBI events, or surprisingly after just UCMS alone. Specifically, male mice exhibited hypersomnia with increased sleep during the active\/dark phase and fragmentation of longer wake bouts. Sleep\u2013wake dysfunction was not found with TBI events alone, and hypersomnia was not found in females under any conditions. These results identify prolonged stress and sex differences as important considerations for sleep\u2013wake dysfunction. Furthermore, this reproducible hypersomnia with impaired wakefulness is similar to the excessive daytime sleepiness reported in patients, including patients with TBI, which warrants further clinical screening, care, and treatment development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T01:19:15Z","timestamp":1673313555000},"page":"843-865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Persistent hypersomnia following repetitive mild experimental traumatic brain injury: Roles of chronic stress and sex differences"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Edwin","family":"Portillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences  Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"The Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.  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