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Furthermore, the interactions of ginkgolide A together with NMDA receptor antagonist MK\u2010801, AMPA\/kainate receptor antagonist 6\u2010cyano\u20107\u2010nitroquinoxaline\u20102,3\u2010dione (CNQX), or L\u2010type calcium channel blocker nicardipine were studied to figure out how ginkgolide A affects spike\u2013wave discharges (SWDs) in the brain. The experiments were done using 6\u20138\u2010month\u2010old male WAG\/Rij rats with infusion cannula and EEG electrode implanted. Ginkgolide A, B, C, and bilobalide were administered intraperitoneally for 7\u2009days at a dose of 6\u00a0mg\/kg. In interaction groups, 6\u00a0\u03bcg ginkgolide A was injected intracerebroventricularly in combination with MK\u2010801 (10\u00a0\u03bcg), CNQX (1\u00a0\u03bcg), and nicardipine (50\u2009\u03bcg) for 7\u2009days. EEG was recorded from animals at the baseline, first dose, and seventh dose periods for 4\u2009h. Ginkgolide A (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.028), C (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.046), and bilobalide (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.043) significantly increased the frequency of SWDs in WAG\/Rij rats. Ginkgolide A injected into the lateral ventricle with MK\u2010801 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.046), CNQX (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.043), and nicardipine (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.046) significantly increased the number of SWDs after seventh dose. Finally, the EGb 761\u2010related increase in absence epilepsy was determined to be caused by ginkgolide A, C, and bilobalide. All three receptor antagonists\/channel blockers do not inhibit the pro\u2010absence effect of ginkgolide A. The findings revealed that ginkgolide A's pro\u2010absence effect is mediated by brain circuits other than ionotropic glutamate receptors or L\u2010type calcium channels.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T13:52:52Z","timestamp":1673531572000},"page":"866-880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Investigating the mechanism of action of ginkgolides and bilobalide on absence seizures in male\n                    <scp>WAG<\/scp>\n                    \/Rij rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"\u00d6znur","family":"Gedikli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Karadeniz Technical University Trabzon Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Metehan","family":"Akca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Tokat Gaziosmanpa\u015fa University Tokat Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine University of Health Sciences Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/jpt.2011.679.690"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"387","article-title":"Ginkgo nuts intoxication","volume":"44","author":"Arahata Y. 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