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This study aimed to combine 9.4T multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with histology to investigate the longitudinal effects of long\u2010term ANT\u2010DBS in pilocarpine\u2010induced epileptic rats. Status epilepsy (SE) was induced by LiCl\u2010pilocarpine injection in 11 adult male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats. Four weeks after SE, chronic epileptic rats underwent either ANT\u2010DBS (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a06) or sham\u2010DBS (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a05) surgery. Electroencephalography (EEG) and spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) were recorded for 1\u2009week. The T2\u2010weighted image and images from resting\u2010state functional MRI (rs\u2010fMRI) were acquired at three states: before SE, at 4\u2009weeks post\u2010SE, and at 5\u2009weeks post\u2010DBS. Volumes of the hippocampal subregions and hippocampal\u2010related functional connectivity (FC) were compared longitudinally. Finally, antibodies against neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and glial fibrillary acidic proteins were used to evaluate neuronal loss and astrogliosis in the hippocampus. Long\u2010term ANT\u2010DBS significantly reduced seizure generalization in pilocarpine\u2010induced epileptic rats. By analyzing the gray matter volume using T2\u2010weighted images, long\u2010term ANT\u2010DBS displayed morphometric restoration of the hippocampal subregions. Neuronal protection of the hippocampal subregions and inhibition of astrogliosis in the hippocampal subregions were observed in the ANT\u2010DBS group. ANT\u2010DBS caused reversible regulation of FC in the insula\u2010hippocampus and subthalamic nucleus\u2010hippocampus. Long\u2010term ANT\u2010DBS provides comprehensive protection of hippocampal histology, hippocampal morphometrics, and hippocampal\u2010related functional networks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T13:23:53Z","timestamp":1674653033000},"page":"916-929","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Long\u2010term\n                    <scp>ANT\u2010DBS<\/scp>\n                    effects in pilocarpine\u2010induced epileptic rats: A combined 9.\n                    <scp>4T MRI<\/scp>\n                    and histological study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7102-8703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, SanBo Brain Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing 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