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Longitudinal neuroimaging studies on adult novice musicians show training\u2010related functional changes in music perception tasks. The reorganization of brain activity while actually playing an instrument was studied only on a very short time frame of a single fMRI session, and longer interventions have not yet been performed. Thus, our aim was to investigate the dynamic complexity of functional brain reorganization while playing the piano within the first half year of musical training. We scanned 24 novice keyboard learners (female, 18\u201323\u2009years old) using fMRI while they played increasingly complex musical pieces after 1, 6, 13, and 26\u2009weeks of training. Playing music evoked responses bilaterally in the auditory, inferior frontal, and supplementary motor areas, and the left sensorimotor cortex. The effect of training over time, however, invoked widespread changes encompassing the right sensorimotor cortex, cerebellum, superior parietal cortex, anterior insula and hippocampus, among others. As the training progressed, the activation of these regions decreased while playing music. Post hoc analysis revealed region\u2010specific time\u2010courses for independent auditory and motor regions of interest. These results suggest that while the primary sensory, motor, and frontal regions are associated with playing music, the training decreases the involvement of higher order cognitive control and integrative regions, and basal ganglia. Moreover, training might affect distinct brain regions in different ways, providing evidence in favor of the dynamic nature of brain plasticity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T01:27:15Z","timestamp":1708738035000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Understanding functional brain reorganization for naturalistic piano playing in novice pianists"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3995-8166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicja M.","family":"Olszewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Brain Imaging Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2245-8907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Gaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Brain Imaging Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4795-0076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawid","family":"Dro\u017adziel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Brain Imaging Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Widlarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Choir Conducting and Singing, Music Education and Rhythmics The Chopin University of Music  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3338-0543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra M.","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Brain Imaging Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1982-3299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Marchewka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Brain Imaging Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2014.00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq198"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25229"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687038.2017.1409871"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000051"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1360.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","unstructured":"Brett M. 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