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However, the changein neuron\u2010expressed BDNF, the niche components that induce the Ly6C\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells to express BDNF, and the cellular sources of these components, remain unclear. In this study, immunofluorescence double staining was performed to label BDNF and Ly6C on brain sections at 3, 24, and 48\u2009h following distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) of male rats, and to stain BDNF with Ly6C, IL\u20104R, and IL\u201010R. A neutralizing anti\u2010IL\u20104 antibody was injected into the infarct, and the IL\u20104 and BDNF concentrations in the subareas of the infarct were determined using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. To find out the cellular sources of IL\u20104, the markers for microglia, T cells, and neurons were co\u2010stained with IL\u20104 separately. In certain infarct subareas, the main BDNF\u2010expressing cells shifted quickly from NeuN\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    neurons to Ly6C\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells during 24\u201348\u2009h post\u2010stroke, and the Ly6C\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/BDNF\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells mostly expressed IL\u20104 receptor. Following IL\u20104 neutralizing antibody injection, the BDNF, IL\u20104 protein levels, and BDNF\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/Ly6C\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells decreased significantly. The main IL\u20104\u2010expressing cell type in this infarct subarea is not neuron either, but immune cells, including microglia, monocyte, macrophages, and T cells. The neurons, maintained BDNF and IL\u20104 expression in the peri\u2010infarct area. In conclusion, in a specific cerebral subarea of the rat dMCAO model, IL\u20104 secreted by immune cells is one of the main inducers for Ly6C\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells to express BDNF.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T09:19:09Z","timestamp":1725527949000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Immune Cells Promote\n                    <scp>BDNF<\/scp>\n                    Expression by Infiltrated Macrophages via Interleukin 4 in the Cerebral Ischemia of Male Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Clinical Medical School of Yangzhou University  Yangzhou 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