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The objective of this study was to characterize the phenotype of astrocytes and microglial cells in the hippocampus and temporal cortex of young male Wistar rats at 3\u2009h, 1, 3, and 7\u2009days after pentylenetetrazole\u2010induced seizures. RT\u2010qPCR was employed to examine the expression of glial genes (\n                    <jats:italic>Gfap<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Aif1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Slc1a1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Slc1a2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Slc1a3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Itpr2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Gdnf<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Bdnf<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Fgf2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Tgfb<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Il1b<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Tnf<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Il1rn<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Lcn2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S100a10<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Nlrp3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Arg1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). The most notable alterations in the expression of glial genes were observed on the first day following seizures in the temporal cortex. An increase in the expression of the\n                    <jats:italic>Gfap<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Slc1a2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Slc1a1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Il1b<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Tnfa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Bdnf<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Fgf2<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes, and the A2 astrocyte condition marker\n                    <jats:italic>S100a10<\/jats:italic>\n                    , was observed. An increase in the expression of the\n                    <jats:italic>Gfap<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Slc1a2<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes was observed in the hippocampus on the first day after seizures. However, in contrast to the changes observed in the cortex, the changes in the hippocampus were opposite for the\n                    <jats:italic>Il1rn<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Bdnf<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Tgfb<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Arg1<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes. Nevertheless, the alterations in GFAP and EAAT2 protein levels were not corroborated by Western blot analysis. Conversely, a more comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis confirmed an augmentation in the number of GFAP\u2010positive cells in the hippocampus 1\u2009day after seizures. Based on the presented evidence, we can conclude that a single convulsive seizure episode in 3\u2010week\u2010old rats results in transient astroglial activation and polarization to a neuroprotective phenotype (A2).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]],"date-time":"2024-09-21T03:04:27Z","timestamp":1726887867000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pentylenetetrazole\u2010Induced Seizures Cause Short\u2010Term Changes in the Phenotype of Microglial and Astroglial Cells in the Hippocampus and Temporal Cortex of Young Male Wistar Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8186-8845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria\u00a0V.","family":"Zakharova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS  Saint 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