{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:12:06Z","timestamp":1772118726470,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022831","name":"Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022831","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Refractory status epilepticus (RSE) is a condition with serious mortality and morbidity rate, resistant to benzodiazepine and second\u2010line antiepileptic drugs. This study aimed to electrophysiologically investigate the combination of NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine and GABAergic agent propofol in an RSE model induced by lithium\u2010pilocarpine in male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats. Seventy\u2010two male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were divided into nine groups. The RSE model was induced by subcutaneous injection of lithium\u2010CI (5\u2009mEq\/kg) and intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine\u2010HCl (320\u2009mg\/kg), after implanting tripolar EEG electrode. Ketamine (30, 60, and 90\u2009mg\/kg), propofol (20, 40, and 80\u2009mg\/kg), and combinations of both drugs (15\u2009+\u200920 and 30\u2009+\u200940\u2009mg\/kg) were administered intraperitoneally to animals with RSE. Video\u2010EEG recordings were taken after inducing model and 48\u2009h later. The efficacy of drugs was statistically evaluated based on spike frequencies (spikes\/min) and amplitudes (mV). Compared to RSE group, it was determined that 30 and 60\u2009mg\/kg doses of ketamine provided effective seizure control and prevented mortality (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), while the 90\u2009mg\/kg showed toxic effects in all animals and caused mortality. The 80\u2009mg\/kg dose of propofol provided seizure control and reduced the mortality rate to 16.7% (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), whereas the 20\u2009mg\/kg resulted in a 100% mortality rate. The low\u2010dose ketamine+propofol (15\u2009+\u200920\u2009mg\/kg) combination provided early onset seizure control and were as effective as 80\u2009mg\/kg propofol (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The study concluded that in the experimental RSE model, seizure control could be achieved with low\u2010dose combination of ketamine and propofol without the need for high doses as in monotherapy, thus preventing dose\u2010related adverse effects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T05:28:08Z","timestamp":1732512488000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Efficacy of Low\u2010Dose Ketamine and Propofol in the Treatment of Experimental Refractory Status Epilepticus on Male Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8312-8824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaye Boztepe","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine Kastamonu University  Kastamonu Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kemal Tolga","family":"Sara\u00e7o\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, ICU and Perioperative Medicine Hamad Medical Corporation  Doha Qatar"},{"name":"Qatar University College of Medicine  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3008-5792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"U\u011fur","family":"Ayk\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine University of Health Sciences  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Metehan","family":"Ak\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University  Tokat Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cumaali","family":"Demirta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine University of Health Sciences  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayten","family":"Sara\u00e7o\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, ICU and Perioperative Medicine Hamad Medical Corporation  Doha Qatar"},{"name":"Qatar University College of Medicine  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine University of Health Sciences  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000217"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/la.2008.007036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0920\u20101211(00)00175\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528\u20101157.2002.28501.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064\u2010020\u201003042\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2015.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01180.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12809\/hkmj166025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12247"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25166"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2014.120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2015.12.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"430","article-title":"The Effect of Propofol as an Anticonvulsant","volume":"48","author":"Kanai M.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Masui"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005756"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.02.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199804023381407"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108444"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2019.104629"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2020.107229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.2.205"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children9020282"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13480"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13695"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013\u20104694(72)90177\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311\u2010018\u20100640\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.07.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2012.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2018.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1673\u20105374.2012.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528\u20101167.2011.03243.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028\u2010013\u20109939\u20106"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroscience Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jnr.25393","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:34:23Z","timestamp":1732667663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jnr.25393"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jnr.25393"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.25393","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.25393\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.25393\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.25393\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.25393\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.25393\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0360-4012","1097-4547"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-4012","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4547","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e25393"}}