{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T18:32:13Z","timestamp":1751481133760},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,11]],"date-time":"2004-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4728,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have shown that ethanol exposure during embryogenesis affects a variety of parameters of neuronal growth. In this study we examined the direct effects of ethanol exposure on developing neuroblasts in culture. Neuroblast\u2010enriched cultures derived from 3\u2010day\u2010old whole chick embryos were grown in the presence of ethanol at doses ranging from 12.5 to 50 mM from culture day 3\u201314. Cholinergic and GABAergic phenotypic expression were both significantly reduced following ethanol exposure as assessed by the activities of choline acetyltransferase and glutamate decarboxylase, respectively. Morphometric analysis of the growth patterns showed significant differences between control and ethanol\u2010treated cultures. Control cultures exhibited the characteristic pattern of growth consisting of neuronal aggregation with neuritic arborization, i.e., neuritic bundles and fasciculation. Cultures grown in ethanol from culture day 3 consisted of aggregates that measured significantly greater in size than those observed in control cultures. In addition, in ethanol\u2010treated cultures, the primary pattern of neuritic bundles was replaced by a complex network of individual neurites radiating from the central aggregate, forming a defined \u201cneuritic field.\u201d Morphometric analysis revealed that both neurite number and neurite length were significantly reduced in ethanol\u2010treated cultures. The biochemical data confirm earlier reports from this laboratory suggesting that ethanol exposure during early embryogenesis alters the normal neuronal pattern of phenotypic expression. In addition, we have presented evidence in this study that ethanol alters the morphological growth patterns of developing neurons. Although ethanol does not alter the ability of these cells to aggregate, there is a significant alteration in neuritic outgrowth. We conclude that the alterations in the growth patterns induced by ethanol hinder full neurotransmitter phenotypic expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490300305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T07:16:24Z","timestamp":1104563784000},"page":"484-492","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Correlation between morphological and biochemical effects of ethanol on neuroblast\u2010enriched cultures derived from three\u2010day\u2010old chick embryos"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Kentroti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Vernadakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(81)90328-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(85)90380-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.07.030184.001053"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(90)90086-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0736-5748(91)90041-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490230404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(86)90193-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(84)90059-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3983644"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6823544"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1975.tb11895.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(84)90198-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(84)90199-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"562","article-title":"Inhibition of synaptosomal calcium uptake by ethanol","volume":"213","author":"Harris RA","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(79)90018-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/301150a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(88)90165-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(88)90164-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/12.3.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Ethanol neurotoxicity I. Direct effects on replicating astrocytes","volume":"8","author":"Kennedy LA","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurobeh Toxicol Teratol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Ethanol neurotoxicity 2. Direct effects on differentiating astrocytes","volume":"8","author":"Kennedy LA","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurobeh Toxicol Teratol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(91)90146-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(90)90083-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7197054","article-title":"Plasminogen activator release at the neuronal growth cone","volume":"213","author":"Krystosek A","year":"1981","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.98.2.773"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"669","article-title":"A relationship between alcohol intoxication and the disordering of brain membranes by a series of short\u2010chain alcohols","volume":"218","author":"Lyon RC","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Pharmac Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(90)90261-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(88)90004-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(88)90005-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0736-5748(88)90030-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.07-12-04034.1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.08-05-01704.1988","article-title":"Neurite outgrowth in individual neurons of a neuronal population is differentially regulated by calcium and cyclic AMP","volume":"8","author":"Mattson MP","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.16.6213"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)60037-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(87)80525-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1980.tb03694.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","first-page":"417","article-title":"Effects of ethanol on neurotransmitter release and intracellular free calcium in PC 12 cells","volume":"244","author":"Rabe CS","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(84)90103-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0736-5748(86)90066-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","first-page":"583","article-title":"The membrane actions of anesthetics and tranquilizers","volume":"24","author":"Seeman P","year":"1972","journal-title":"Pharmac Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Alcohols and synaptosomal calcium transport","volume":"22","author":"Stokes JA","year":"1982","journal-title":"Molecular Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","first-page":"253","article-title":"Selection of appropriate medial branch of the optic tract by fibres of ventral retinal origin during development and in regeneration: An autoradiographic Xenopus","volume":"50","author":"Straznicky C","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Embryol Exp Morphol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1980.tb08716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-008302-2.50009-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(79)91093-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(08)60049-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-021345-3.50019-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490160207"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroscience Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjnr.490300305","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jnr.490300305","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T22:21:15Z","timestamp":1698013275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jnr.490300305"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,11]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jnr.490300305"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.490300305","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-4012","1097-4547"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-4012","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4547","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,11]]}}}