{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T03:21:12Z","timestamp":1767842472522,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,11]],"date-time":"2004-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4301,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent studies have established that pinealocytes of the mammalian pineal gland contain marker molecules of neuroendocrine cells or paraneurons like the synaptic vesicle\u2010associated protein synaptophysin (p38). The objective of this study was to identify the subcellular synaptophysin\u2010positive compartment and to characterize in detail the intracellular distribution of this protein in rat and gerbil pinealocytes. An analysis of serial semithin sections of plastic\u2010embedded pineals immunostained for synaptophysin, including computer\u2010assisted optical density measurements of synaptophysin immunoreactivities, demonstrated unequivocally that synaptosphysin was highly concentrated in dilated process terminals of the pinealocytes. More than 75% of these process terminals were found to border or lie within the pericapillary space. At the ultrastructural level, they contained accumulations of small clear vesicles of variable size that turned out to be the site of synaptosphysin immunoreactivity when immunogold staining was performed. In addition, microvesicles surrounding synaptic ribbons were also immunolabeled. Hence, the pinealocyte is the first neuroendocrine cell type that has now been shown to concentrate synaptophysin\u2010positive microvesicles in perivascular process endings. This observation lends strong support to the hypothesis that small clear vesicles in neuroendocrine cells in general, and in pinealocytes in particular, serve secretory functions. The quantitative analysis of completely sectioned process endings revealed that the microvesicles outnumber by far the amount of dense core vesicles and therefore cannot arise by endocytosis of dense core vesicle membranes. Thus, small synaptic\u2010like vesicles probably constitute an independent secretory pathway of the paraneuronal pinealocytes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In the present study, we could also establish the absence of immunoreactivity for synapsin I (belonging to a family of neuron\u2010specific nerve terminal phosphorproteins) from pinealocytes. Synapsin I immunoreactivity was only detectable in intrapineal nerve terminals and varicosities. Taken together, the immunostaining patterns of the pineal gland obtained with antibodies directed against synaptic vesicle\u2010associated proteins render the mammalian pinealocyte a very special type of neuroendocrine cell or paraneuron rather than a \u201cclassic\u201d neuron. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490340109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,25]],"date-time":"2005-05-25T20:18:21Z","timestamp":1117052301000},"page":"79-96","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Synaptophysin \u2013 a common constituent of presumptive secretory microvesicles in the mammalian pinealocyte: A study of rat and gerbil pineal glands"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Redecker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Bargsten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1989.tb09196.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000121565"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"309","volume-title":"Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen","author":"Bargmann W","year":"1943"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/38.2.1688894"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1589771"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.115.1.151"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.7.2912"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470715376.ch5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.110.3.721"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.52.030190.003205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"461","volume-title":"Regulated secretory pathways of neurons and their relation to the secretory pathway of endocrine cells","author":"De Camilli P","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.96.5.1337"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cb.06.110190.002245"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.10.3.361"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/36.5.3282005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-68066-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(88)80997-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00494642"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.49.391"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00230834"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.108.1.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00319371"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc1950.30.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.52.Suppl_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Markers for Neural and Endocrine Cells. 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