{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:05:48Z","timestamp":1787169948559,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The primary objective of this study was to examine neurological disorders and cognitive impairments in patients with secondary hypothyroidism and epilepsy undergoing treatment with antiepileptic medications. The study included 184 patients divided into three groups: Group 1 (subclinical hypothyroidism,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200960), Group 2 (manifest hypothyroidism,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200964), and Group 3 (control,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200960). Patients in Group 2 received levothyroxine therapy (initial dose of 25\u2009\u03bcg\/day, titrated to 50\u2013100\u2009\u03bcg\/day), while Groups 1 and 2 were treated with anti\u2010seizure medications (valproic acid, 40\u2009mg\/kg\/day). Neurological symptoms, including Babinski's reflex abnormalities (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20098.15,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.017) and sensory disturbances (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u200912.44,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.005), were significantly more frequent in Group 2 than in Group 1. Cognitive test scores were significantly lower in Group 2 compared to Group 3 across all domains (\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    (2, 181)\u2009=\u20096.55,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.002 for MMSE;\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    (2, 181)\u2009=\u20094.70,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.010 for FAB; and\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    (2, 181)\u2009=\u20095.75,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.006 for CDT), with Group 1 showing intermediate results. Regression analysis identified neurodegenerative disease risk (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.34, CI: 0.20\u20130.48,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), anemia (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.32, CI: 0.15\u20130.49,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001), and prolonged stress (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.26, CI: 0.12\u20130.40,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.002) as significant predictors of cognitive decline, while higher education was protective (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.28, CI: \u22120.42 to \u22120.14,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.003). An inverse relationship was observed between TSH levels and cognitive scores (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.55,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.70012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T01:53:23Z","timestamp":1736560403000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Neurological and Cognitive Effects of Hypothyroidism in Patients With Epilepsy: A Study on Anti\u2010Seizure Medicines Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Natalia","family":"Molodozhnikova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and General Genetics I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)  Moscow Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3119-0665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svetlana","family":"Prokhorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Substance Addiction I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)  Moscow Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitar","family":"Monov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medical University Sofia  Sofia Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolay","family":"Lilyanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medical University Sofia  Sofia Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/SVUIJM.2022.136476.1307"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.990553"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33380\/2305\u20102066\u20102023\u201012\u20101\u2010199\u2010206"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2023.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207274"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291\u2010020\u201000946\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2019.101720"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2022.107221"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpmed.2020.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528\u20101157.2001.042007930.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","first-page":"115","volume-title":"International Conference on Studies in Humanity, Education and Sciences","author":"Kizi A. 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