{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T20:36:03Z","timestamp":1778358963589,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Neuroscience Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Although a cochlear implant (CI) can partially restore auditory function, CI recipients show alterations not only in auditory but also in visual cortical processing. Yet, it is not well understood how these visual changes relate to the CI outcome and to what extent these changes are induced by auditory deprivation and the limited CI input, respectively. Here, we present a prospective longitudinal electroencephalography study which examined the deprivation\u2010 and CI\u2010induced alterations on cortical face processing by comparing visual evoked potentials (VEP) in CI users before and 6 months after implantation. A group of normal\u2010hearing (NH) listeners served as a control. The participants performed a word\u2010identification task and a face\u2010categorization task to study the cortical processing of static and articulating faces in attended and unattended conditions. The CI candidates and CI users showed a reduced visual\u2010cortex activation, a stronger functional connectivity between the visual and auditory cortex, and a reduced attention effect in the (extended) alpha frequency range (8\u201318\u2009Hz) when compared to NH listeners. There was a positive correlation between the P1 VEP amplitude recorded before implantation and the speech recognition ability after implantation. Our results suggest that the CI users' alterations in cortical face processing are mainly induced by auditory deprivation and not by CI experience. Importantly, these deprivation\u2010induced changes seem to be related to the CI outcome. Our results suggest that the visual P1 amplitude as recorded\n                    <jats:italic>before<\/jats:italic>\n                    implantation provides an objective index of cortical visual reorganization that may help predict the CI outcome.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.70042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T07:18:59Z","timestamp":1746688739000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reduced Visual\u2010Cortex Reorganization Before and After Cochlear Implantation Relates to Better Speech Recognition Ability"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4824-3293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Weglage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochlear Implant Centre, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology and Pediatric Audiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Layer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochlear Implant Centre, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology and Pediatric Audiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan\u2010Ole","family":"Radecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of L\u00fcbeck  Lubeck Germany"},{"name":"Centre of Brain, Behaviour and Metabolism (CBBM) University of L\u00fcbeck  Lubeck Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hartmut","family":"Meister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jean\u2010Uhrmacher\u2010Institute for Clinical ENT Research University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochlear Implant Centre, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology and Pediatric Audiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Lang\u2010Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochlear Implant Centre, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology and Pediatric Audiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Walger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochlear Implant Centre, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology and Pediatric Audiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Jean\u2010Uhrmacher\u2010Institute for Clinical ENT Research University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Sandmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg  Oldenburg Germany"},{"name":"Research Center Neurosensory Science University of Oldenburg  Oldenburg Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence \u201cHearing4all\u201d University of Oldenburg  Oldenburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/57.4.355"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1072"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.06.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-019-00729-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2006.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-17-j0001.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1995.7.6.1129"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1996.8.6.551"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01797193"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.11.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025607"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.02.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-2010-0502"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00274992"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Der DemTect Eye+ Ear\u2013Neues Kognitive s Screeningverfahren bei Schwerh\u00f6rigen Menschen mit Demenzverdacht","volume":"57","author":"Br\u00fcnecke I.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zeitschrif t f\u00fcr Audiologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2009.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29598-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090594"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Increased Cross\u2010Modal Functional Connectivity in Cochlear Implant Users","volume":"7","author":"Chen L. C.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.06.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020417"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)81138-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2007.00610.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl264"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2007.08.0118"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005640"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2004.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200308060-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn763"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199812010-00030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00154"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806074105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","volume-title":"Principles of Perceptual Learning and Development","author":"Gibson E.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00318-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-9-45"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2005.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","unstructured":"Hahlbrock K. H. andF.Z\u00f6llner.1970.\u201cSprachaudiometrie: Grundlagen und Praktische Anwendung einer Sprachaudiometrie f\u00fcr das Deutsche Sprachgebiet.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195307238.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5709\/acp-0131-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-013-0341-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01482-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"A Simple Sequentially Rejective Multiple Test Procedure","volume":"5","author":"Holm S.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Statistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03333964"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-019-0648-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000080228"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00186"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(00)00386-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-11-04302.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2006.1934"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2006.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23439"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020701383027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2023.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.102982"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14872"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048739"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.11.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2653"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","volume-title":"An Introduction to the Event\u2010Related Potential Technique","author":"Luck S. J.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405\u2010009\u20100994\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2758"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.12.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020701383050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN\u2010120233"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","volume-title":"The Psychology of Deafness","author":"Myklebust H.","year":"1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)90296-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12901-018-0051-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","first-page":"148","article-title":"Visual Perceptual Skills and Deafness: A Research Review","volume":"16","author":"Parasnis I.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Rehabilitative Audiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2003\/091)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22117-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(89)90180-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3771-05.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.130.5.547"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.102942"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.10.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21331"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0609419104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr329"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.06.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000502"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200207190-00030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","unstructured":"Stenroos M. A.Hunold andJ.Haueisen.2014.\u201cComparison of Three\u2010Shell and Sim.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2006.18.5.701"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp183"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt274"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12827"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00309"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.07.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/879716"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-2010-0498"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2011.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-010-2228-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2014.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13682820802090281"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-9434-9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2223"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroscience Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jnr.70042","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T03:37:38Z","timestamp":1748057858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jnr.70042"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jnr.70042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.70042","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.70042\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.70042\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.70042\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.70042\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.70042\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.70042\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.70042\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.70042\/v3\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.70042\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.70042\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/JNR.70042\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0360-4012","1097-4547"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-4012","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4547","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70042"}}