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While previous research has shown altered brain responses in number\u2010processing regions in DD compared to typically developing children (TD), little is known about how these regions interact during number processing. This exploratory study examined the effective connectivity between six regions in the right parietal, frontal, and insular cortex as well as the vermis, using dynamic causal modeling (DCM). We investigated how number\u2010order and number\u2010identification tasks modulate connectivity within this network and the group differences related to DD. The number\u2010order task led primarily to increased excitatory connectivity from the pre\u2010supplementary motor area (preSMA) to all other regions, indicating an orchestrating role of the preSMA. DD, who exhibited deficits in number\u2010order performance, demonstrated aberrant modulation of incoming connectivity to the ventral premotor cortex (vPMC) from the anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS), the preSMA, and the dorsal anterior insula (d\u2010aINS). In TD, number\u2010identification led to inhibitory modulation from the vPMC to the aIPS and the vermis. While behavioral performance in number\u2010identification was unimpaired in DD, they showed increased excitatory connectivity from dorsal and ventral PMC to the d\u2010aINS and from vPMC to the aIPS. Our results imply that, for both impaired and unimpaired number\u2010related behavioral performance, neuronal number processing differs between DD and TD. This conclusion is further supported by the high predictive validity of the modulating connectivity group\u2010effect parameters. We suggest the underlying explanation for this pattern may be related to decreased acuity of neuronal number representation in DD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.70066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T09:54:47Z","timestamp":1753091687000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Altered Effective Connectivity of the Numerical Brain in Children With Developmental Dyscalculia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8211-9624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Schwizer Ashkenazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for MR\u2010Research, University Children\u2019s Hospital Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5622-0609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ursina","family":"McCaskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for MR\u2010Research, University Children\u2019s Hospital Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Research Center, University Children\u2019s Hospital Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5932-7786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"O\u2019Gorman Tuura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for MR\u2010Research, University Children\u2019s Hospital Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Research Center, University Children\u2019s Hospital Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9015-7655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Kucian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for MR\u2010Research, University Children\u2019s Hospital Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Research Center, University Children\u2019s Hospital Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"67","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Numerical Cognition","author":"Andres M.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","volume-title":"ZAREKI\u2010R. 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