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The pain affects female individuals with higher incidence and greater severity compared with males. Despite a strong sex bias in this clinical condition, the majority of preclinical experimental studies of trigeminal neuropathic pain have been conducted in males. This study investigated sex differences in the number of \u0394FosB and FosB immunoreactive cells, as markers of neuronal adaptation following infraorbital nerve chronic constriction injury (ION\u2010CCI). Sex differences in \u0394FosB and FosB expression were identified in infra\u2010orbital recipient regions of laminae I\u2010II of the medullary dorsal horn during the post\u2010injury period. Three phases of altered expression were identified following ION\u2010CCI: (1) an early phase 2\u2009days after injury, (2) a transitional phase (7\u201314\u2009days), and (3) a late phase (28+ days). Nerve\u2010injured female rats had consistently lower levels of \u0394FosB immunoreactive cells when compared with males and showed increased FosB expression during the early phase. In contrast, in males, the number of \u0394FosB immunoreactive cells decreased significantly from the early phase to the transitional phase post\u2010injury. However, by the late phase, \u0394FosB expression in the superficial laminae of the medullary dorsal horn was significantly higher than in females. These data suggest that cellular adaptation in neurons in laminae I\u2010II of the medullary dorsal horn in males is much greater than that in females, revealing one location at which the sex differences seen in the incidence and severity of trigeminal neuropathic pain might be mediated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.70117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T11:10:37Z","timestamp":1770030637000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sex Differences in Markers of Neuronal Adaptation in the Medullary Dorsal Horn During the Development of Orofacial Neuropathic Pain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6703-0699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunsol","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience), Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8517-5656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James W. 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