{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T16:23:09Z","timestamp":1785514989262,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5\/4\/1\u20103\/12\u2010NCD\u2010II"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/4\/1\u20103\/12\u2010NCD\u2010II"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Arrhythmia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inflammation has been implicated in the initiation and perpetuation of non\u2010valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). However, there is a lack of similar data on AF in rheumatic heart disease (RHD). The objective of this study was to analyze the association of inflammation as measured by serum inflammatory biomarkers with AF in rheumatic mitral stenosis (Rh\u2010MS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A comparative cross\u2010sectional analytical study was conducted on 181 Rh\u2010MS patients in normal sinus rhythm (NSR; n\u00a0=\u00a069), subclinical transient AF (SCAF; detected by 24\u2010hours Holter monitoring; n\u00a0=\u00a030) and chronic AF (n\u00a0=\u00a082). Serum hs\u2010CRP, IL\u20106, and sCD\u201040L were assessed using ELISA immunoassay and compared in all groups of Rh\u2010MS with or without AF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found significantly higher serum hs\u2010CRP and sCD\u201040L levels in the overall AF (Chronic AF\u00a0+\u00a0SCAF) group (<jats:italic>hs\u2010CRP<\/jats:italic>: 4.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.4 vs 2.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.9\u00a0mg\/L, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01; <jats:italic>sCD\u201040L<\/jats:italic>: 6.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.8 vs 3.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.4\u00a0ng\/mL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01) and chronic AF subgroup (<jats:italic>hs\u2010CRP<\/jats:italic>: 4.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.4 vs 2.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.9\u00a0mg\/L, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01; <jats:italic>sCD\u201040L<\/jats:italic>: 6.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.1 vs 3.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.4\u00a0ng\/mL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01) compared to patients with sinus rhythm. There was a statistically significant graded increase of serum IL\u20106 level from the NSR to the SCAF (<jats:italic>vs NSR<\/jats:italic>: 6.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.9 vs 4.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.2\u00a0pg\/mL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.03), and chronic AF subgroups (<jats:italic>vs NSR<\/jats:italic>: 9.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.5 vs 4.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.2\u00a0pg\/mL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01; vs <jats:italic>SCAF<\/jats:italic>: 9.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.5 vs 6.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.9, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.05) of atrial fibrillation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elevated levels of serum hs\u2010CRP, IL\u20106, and sCD\u201040L were strongly associated with overall AF and also with SCAF and chronic AF in Rh\u2010MS patients indicating a potential role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of rheumatic AF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.12428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,5]],"date-time":"2020-09-05T05:29:03Z","timestamp":1599283743000},"page":"1007-1015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Role of inflammation in initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation in rheumatic mitral stenosis \u2013 An analytical cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2223-5463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gautam","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8744-2108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nirmal","family":"Ghati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2780-1989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd","family":"Sharique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0446-2942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shruti","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Institute of Pathology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Safdarjung Hospital campus New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudhir","family":"Shetkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi 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