{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T17:47:56Z","timestamp":1778435276304,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Arrhythmia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fluoroscopic imaging involves exposure of the patients and the laboratory staff to ionizing radiation. One of the strategies that reduce such exposure in an electrophysiology laboratory is using a three\u2010dimensional electroanatomic mapping (3D EAM) system for performing these procedures. In this analysis, we have analyzed the effect of fluoroscopy frame rate on the radiation exposure and in\u2010hospital outcomes in ablation procedures performed under 3D EAM guidance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed all the ablation procedures performed under 3D EAM guidance at our institute from September 2015 to December 2018. The procedures were divided into two groups based on whether the procedures were performed before (pre) or after (post) January 26, 2018. After January 2018, fluoroscopy was used at a frame rate of 3.75 frames per second (fps). Radiation exposure indices and in\u2010hospital outcomes were compared between the two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ablation procedures included in the analysis were ventricular arrhythmias (n\u00a0=\u00a0192), atrial flutter (115), atrial tachycardia (AT) (43), and atrial fibrillation (AF) (30). Over the study period, there was a significant reduction in procedure time, fluoroscopy time, dose area product, and effective dose (ED) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). Except for AT and AF ablation procedures, there was a significant reduction in the radiation exposure indices when the \u201cpost\u201d group was compared with the \u201cpre\u201d group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a0.02). The decrease in the frame rate had no significant effect on in\u2010hospital outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of 3D EAM combined with decreasing the fluoroscopy frame rate significantly reduced the total radiation exposure without adversely affecting in\u2010hospital outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.12496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T02:56:27Z","timestamp":1609988187000},"page":"97-102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effect of fluoroscopy frame rate on radiation exposure and in\u2010hospital outcomes in three\u2010dimensional electroanatomic mapping guided procedures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3489-5864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muzaffar","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research Bangalore India"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Sher\u2010i\u2010Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Srinagar India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Padmanabhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2640-6610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalil","family":"Kanjwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Division of Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology McLaren Greater Lansing Hospital Lansing MI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milan Kumar","family":"Ghadei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anju","family":"Kottayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bharatraj","family":"Banavalikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayaprakash","family":"Shenthar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research Bangalore 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