{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T03:48:41Z","timestamp":1789616921963,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Arrhythmia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The usefulness of tripolar Laplacian electrogram (TLE) in cardiac electrophysiology is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the difference in the morphology, voltage amplitude, noise level, and far\u2010field potential (FFP) between TLE and bipolar electrogram (BE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010two patients who underwent catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation were analyzed. TLE and BE were simultaneously obtained using 64\u2010electrode basket catheters during atrial tachycardia or pacing. Local electrograms (EGMs) were analyzed at the locations of three activation patterns: normal conduction, wavefront collision, and slow conduction (SC). In addition, each activation pattern was analyzed at two different wavefront angles: horizontal and vertical, respectively. The voltage amplitude, duration, morphology, and deflection number were compared. The noise level and FFP amplitude were also analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>With all activation patterns and wavefront angles, the voltage amplitude was significantly lower on TLE than on BE, and the mean amplitude ratio of TLE\/BE was 0.75. The duration and deflection number of EGM were comparable. The ventricular FFP amplitude was lower on TLE than on BE (0.04\u2009mV vs. 0.40\u2009mV, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01). TLE also had less noise than BE (0.08\u2009mV vs. 0.15\u2009mV, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02), with a noise reduction of 47%. At the SC area, low\u2010voltage EGMs below the mean noise levels were more common with BE than with TLE (29% vs. 8%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.04).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>TLE has a lower voltage amplitude than BE for all activation patterns and wavefront angles, and it removes more noise and FFPs. TLE is useful for analyzing low\u2010voltage and fractionated EGMs regardless of the wavefront angle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.70101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T03:50:51Z","timestamp":1748490651000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The signal quality of tripolar Laplacian electrogram compared to bipolar electrogram in cardiac electrophysiology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8507-6949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soichiro","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Hyogo Prefectural Awaji Medical Center  Sumoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Takemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Hyogo Prefectural Awaji Medical 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