{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T18:20:28Z","timestamp":1778782828942,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Arrhythmia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rhythm control therapy improves the quality of life and prognosis of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We assessed the characteristics and clinical outcomes of AF patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing rhythm control therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed 2215 participants from the Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Events with Rivaroxaban in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease (AFIRE) trial, including 588 patients who received rhythm control therapy and 1627 who did not.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At baseline, patients who received rhythm control therapy were generally younger, exhibited a higher prevalence of paroxysmal AF, experienced less heart failure, and had lower CHADS2 scores (CHF, hypertension, age\u2009\u2265\u200975\u2009years, type 2 diabetes, and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack [doubled]) than those who did not. Among the rivaroxaban monotherapy and combination therapy groups, patients with a history of rhythm control therapy showed a lower incidence of the primary efficacy endpoint (a composite of stroke, systemic embolism, myocardial infarction, unstable angina requiring revascularization, or death). However, following multivariate analysis and propensity score matching, no statistically significant difference in the primary efficacy endpoint was observed between patients with and without prior rhythm control therapy (adjusted HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.37\u20131.51,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.43 in the rivaroxaban group; adjusted HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.43\u20131.30,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.30 in the combination therapy group).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The initially observed benefit of rhythm control therapy was not significant after adjusting for baseline characteristics in patients with AF and stable CAD treated with rivaroxaban with or without additional antiplatelet therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.70210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T12:20:26Z","timestamp":1763554826000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association Between History of Rhythm Control Therapy and Clinical Outcomes in Atrial Fibrillation Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Sub\u2010Analysis of the\n                    <scp>AFIRE<\/scp>\n                    Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9243-3070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisuke","family":"Wakatsuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Showa Medical University Fujigaoka Hospital  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8698-7357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Showa Medical University Fujigaoka Hospital  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Kaikita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki  Miyazaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaharu","family":"Akao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junya","family":"Ako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Kitasato University School of Medicine  Sagamihara Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4563-304X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Matoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Kyushu University Hospital  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1463-3469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masato","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Minimally Invasive Treatment in Cardiovascular Medicine Toho University, Ohashi Medical Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9553-466X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsumi","family":"Miyauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Juntendo University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuhisa","family":"Hagiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Tokyo Women's Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yokosuka City Hospital  Yokosuka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Hirayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Osaka Anti\u2010Tuberculosis Association Osaka Fukujuji Hospital  Neyagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3750-3440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kunihiko","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine Kumamoto University Hospital  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2532-6130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hisao","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kumamoto University  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine  Sendai 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