{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T06:06:38Z","timestamp":1767074798257,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013323"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Arrhythmia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections are a serious complication that occurs in ~1%\u20133% of device recipients. However, data on total healthcare costs associated with CIED infections in Australia are scant. This study aims to comprehensively estimate the total healthcare costs of CIED infections in Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study included patients 18+\u2009years diagnosed with CIED infections between July 2017 and September 2022 in New South Wales. Using linked administrative data, costs were estimated for in\u2010hospital care, emergency department visits, outpatient services, Medicare claims, ambulance transport, and dispensed medications in the period from 28\u2009days before to 42\u2009days after CIED infection\u2010related hospitalizations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 726 patients with CIED infections, of whom 233 (32.1%) died during a mean follow\u2010up of 35.6\u2009months. The average treatment costs of $77\u2009746, predominantly driven by hospital expenses (88.3%). Key hospital cost drivers included device type, mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) stays, temporary pacing, lengths of stay, high\u2010risk patients, and multiple comorbidities. Patients undergoing complete system removal with reimplantation (31.7% of patients) had the highest costs ($120\u2009792), followed by patients with complete system removal only (15.7%; $98\u2009453), and without system removal (52.6%; $45\u2009649). For patients undergoing complete system removal and\/or reimplantation procedures, the cost varied by device type ($90\u2009089 for pacemaker patients, $111\u2009677 for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)\u2010pacemaker, $128\u2009864 for implantable cardiac defibrillators, and $148\u2009888 for CRT\u2010defibrillator patients).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings highlight the substantial health care costs associated with CIED infections, with wide variations across patient factors and clinical care pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.70237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T11:40:27Z","timestamp":1764675627000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Economic Burden Associated With Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device (\n                    <scp>CIED<\/scp>\n                    ) Infections in New South Wales, Australia: A Population\u2010Based Study Using Linked Administrative Data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4502-1457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Shajedur Rahman","family":"Shawon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Big Data Research in Health University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Behnoosh Hosseinloui","family":"Khalaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Big Data Research in Health University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4217-4836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medtronic Australasia  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Challis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medtronic Australasia  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liesl","family":"Strachan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medtronic Australasia  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louisa","family":"Jorm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Big Data Research in Health University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.06.016"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"515","article-title":"European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) international consensus document on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat cardiac implantable electronic device infections\u2010endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS), International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio\u2010Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)","volume":"22","author":"Blomstr\u00f6m\u2010Lundqvist C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Europace: European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology: Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2022.09.016"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"iv3","article-title":"Epidemiology of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections: Incidence and Risk Factors","volume":"23","author":"Han H. 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