{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:51:48Z","timestamp":1791982308687,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Arrhythmia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational studies have linked the gut microbiota and inflammatory proteins to atrial fibrillation (AF), but confounding, reverse causation, and instrument validity remain concerns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We evaluated 473 microbial traits and 91 inflammatory proteins in relation to AF using two GWAS datasets. Sensitivity analyses included instruments selected at\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20095\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>\n                      , MR\u2010RAPS,\n                      <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010stratified protein MR, reverse MR, and FGF\u20105 colocalization. Participants were predominantly of European ancestry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Under conventional IVW analysis, six associations were FDR\u2010significant in the discovery analysis and remained FDR\u2010significant when selectively evaluated in the second AF GWAS, with FDR correction applied across the six prioritized tests: Leptospirae (OR 0.605, 95% CI 0.457\u20130.800), Leptospirales (0.499, 0.371\u20130.673), leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIF\u2010R; 0.905, 0.869\u20130.943), TWEAK (0.891, 0.856\u20130.927), FGF\u20105 (1.077, 1.051\u20131.103), and interleukin\u20106 (0.886, 0.834\u20130.942). At\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20095\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>\n                      , neither microbial trait had a harmonized instrument, whereas the protein estimates retained their directions. MR\u2010RAPS supported LIF\u2010R in both datasets, but support for the other signals varied. The prioritized proteins also differed in\n                      <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\n                      genetic architecture. The FGF\u20105\n                      <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010only estimates were based on two harmonized instruments and were therefore preliminary, while\n                      <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010region colocalization provided little evidence of a shared variant (PP.H4\u2009=\u20090.0045).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The conventional IVW associations varied in robustness across alternative analyses. These findings prioritize hypotheses, not established causal pathways or clinical targets. Generalizability beyond predominantly European populations remains uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.70454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T10:20:32Z","timestamp":1790331632000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetically Predicted Gut Microbial Taxa and Inflammatory Proteins Associated With Atrial Fibrillation: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization and Colocalization Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Chengcheng","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"},{"name":"Heart Center The First Hospital of Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Diseases of Gansu Province The First Hospital of Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyuan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center The First Hospital of Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Diseases of Gansu Province The First Hospital of Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"},{"name":"Heart Center The First Hospital of Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Diseases of Gansu Province The First Hospital of Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiting","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"},{"name":"Heart Center The First 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