{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:45:52Z","timestamp":1791985552213,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Arrhythmia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early recurrence of atrial fibrillation (ERAF) within the 3\u2010month blanking period is associated with procedural inflammation and increased risk of late recurrence. Pulsed field ablation (PFA) reportedly has a lower ERAF rate than radiofrequency ablation (RFA), but the underlying inflammatory mechanisms remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We compared 23 patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation (PFA:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200916; RFA:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097). Perioperative changes in inflammatory markers, myocardial injury markers, hemolysis markers, and the incidence of ERAF were analyzed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PFA exhibited significantly greater myocardial injury and hemolysis, but markedly lower systemic inflammation than RFA, characterized by lower \u0394interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106) levels (4.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7 vs. 8.1\u2009\u00b1\u20093.8\u2009pg\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008). ERAF occurred more frequently in RFA (3\/7, 43% vs. 1\/16, 6%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.033), which was accompanied by significantly higher \u0394IL\u20106 levels (9.1\u2009\u00b1\u20094.2 vs. 4.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3\u2009pg\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.010). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified \u0394IL\u20106 as an independent predictor of ERAF (OR 2.158, 95% CI 1.125\u201313.020,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PFA induces less systemic inflammation than RFA, despite causing greater myocardial injury. This reduced inflammatory response is independently associated with the lower incidence of ERAF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.70456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:36:35Z","timestamp":1789706195000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between the Change in Interleukin\u20106 Levels and Early Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation: A Comparison of Pulsed Field Ablation and Radiofrequency Ablation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8499-8717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology Yamagata University School of Medicine  Yamagata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2802-0794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takanori","family":"Arimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology Yamagata University School of Medicine  Yamagata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mashu","family":"Toyoshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology Yamagata University School of Medicine  Yamagata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3128-8991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoko","family":"Koyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology Yamagata University School of Medicine  Yamagata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuta","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology Yamagata University School of Medicine  Yamagata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6264-1346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoaki","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology Yamagata University School of Medicine  Yamagata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8672-7483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masafumi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology Yamagata University School of Medicine  Yamagata 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